马达加斯加重要矿产找矿潜力

Prospecting Potential of the Major Minerals in Madagascar

马达加斯加成矿地质背景与东非大陆相似,成矿主要与火山—沉积建造、镁铁质—超镁铁质及中酸性侵入岩、区域及接触交代变质作用、大地构造环境、区域性构造、剪切带、断裂及地貌、气候等关系密切。主要矿床类型包括岩浆型铬铁矿、钒钛磁铁矿,伟晶岩型稀有、稀土矿及祖母绿、碧玺等宝石矿,岩浆热液型金、银、铜、铅、锌矿;(火山)沉积变质型铁矿、石墨矿、红蓝宝石及石榴子石等宝石矿;沉积型煤矿、石膏矿及钛铁矿、锆石、金、宝石类砂矿;风化壳型(红土型)镍钴矿、铝土矿;剪切带型(石英脉型)、破碎蚀变岩型金矿等。将马达加斯加主要矿产划分出十三个成矿系列及若干成矿亚系列和一个Ⅲ级、三个Ⅳ级、二十二个V级成矿区带,并重点叙述五个V级成矿区重要矿产的找矿潜力。

Madagascar ore-forming geological background is similar to East Africa continent, mineralization is mainly re- lated to the volcanic sedimentary formation, mafic-super mafic and intermediate-acid intrusive rocks, regional and contact metasomatic metamorphism, tectonic environment, regional structure, shear zone, fracture, and landscape, climate, etc. Main ore deposit types including magmatic type Cm, V-Ti magnetite deposits, pegmatite type rare, REE and emerald, tour- maline and other gemstones deposits, magmatic hydrothermal type Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn deposits, （volcanic） sedimentary metamorphic Fe, Gra,red sapphire and Gt gemstones deposits;Sedimentary type Gra, Gp deposits and ilmenite, Zr, Au, gem placer deposits, weathering crust type （lateritic） Ni-Co, bauxite deposits ; Shear zone type （ quartz vein type）, shat- tered altered rock type Au deposit, etc. In this paper, the Madagascar main minerals are divided into thirteen metallogenic series, sub-class several metallogenic series and one m metallogenic belt,three IVmetallogenic belts ,twenty two V metal- logenic belts, prospecting potential of the major minerals in the 5 V metallogenic behs are described emphatically.