矮小基因用于黄羽肉鸡品系杂交的效果分析

The Effect Analysis of Yellow-feathered Broiler Hybrid with Dwarf Gene

鸡性连锁矮小基因(sex-linked dwarf gene,dw基因)纯合显性时可降低饲料消耗。试验选用A系黄羽肉鸡作为父本,含有dw基因的两系杂交黄羽肉鸡DYJ作为母本,开展三元杂交试验,并以快速型黄羽肉鸡(CON)为对照,评价dw基因用于黄羽肉鸡生产的杂交效果。试验组ADYJ和对照组CON各300只雏鸡同一日龄进舍,在相同饲养管理条件下饲养至7周龄出栏,饲养期间记录各周龄体重和饲料转化效率,出栏后全群称重并随机抽取两组公、母鸡各15只进行屠宰性能测定,并评价dw基因用于黄羽肉鸡杂交的经济效益。结果显示,CON组7周龄体重为1 623.3 g,试验组ADYJ为1 690.4 g,虽高于CON组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。CON组7周龄料肉比为2.31,试验组ADYJ组为2.26,低于CON组。屠宰性能比较发现,ADYJ公、母鸡胸肌率分别为23.4%和24.2%,均极显著高于CON组公、母鸡的胸肌率(17.1%和18.3%,P<0.01);ADYJ公、母鸡半净膛率分别为77.6%和77.0%,均显著高于对照组(76.3%和74.9%,P<0.05);ADYJ公、母鸡屠宰率分别为87.4%和87.6%,均显著高于CON组(86.4%和86.0%,P<0.05);对照组与试验组公、母鸡的腹脂率与腿肌率差异均不显著。经济成本核算结果显示,ADYJ为9.65元/只,较CON组低0.33元/只。由此可见,dw基因用于黄羽肉鸡品系杂交可显著提高黄羽肉鸡的生产效益。

Sex-linked dwarf gene （dw gene） of chicken can reduce feecl consumption when it is dominant and promote growth when it is recessive. In order to evaluate the hybrid effect of yellow-feathered broiler with dw gene, the hybrid experiment was carried out in this study. The A line yellow-feathered broilers were chosen as male parent, two-line hybrid yellow-feathered broilers with dw gene of DYJ were chosen as female parent and the CON were served as the control group. Three hundred ADYJ chicks and three hundred CON chicks with the same age were raised to 7 weeks under the same feeding condition and management before slaughter. During the breeding period, the weight and feed conversion ratio for both of the groups were recorded every week. In order to evaluate the economic benefit of hybrid effect of yellow-feathered broilers with dw gene, the body weight of all the experimental chickens were determined after 7 weeks, meanwhile, 15 male and 15 female chickens were randomly selected from each of the groups and their slaughter performance were determined. The results showed that while the 7 weeks average weight of the ADYJ group （1 690.4 g） was higher than that of CON group （ 1 623.3 g）, no significant difference was observed between them. The 7 weeks feed conversion ratio of ADYJ group was 2.26 and was lower than that of CON group （2.31）. The breast muscle ratio of rooster and hen of ADYJ group were 23.4% and 24.2% respectively and both of them were significantly higher than those of CON group respectively （P〈0.01）. The semi-eviscerated weights of rooster and hen of ADYJ group were 77.6% and 77.0% respectively and both of them were significantly higher than those of CON group respectively （P〈0.05）. The slaughter rate of rooster and hen of ADYJ group were 87.4% and 87.6% respectively and both of them were significantly higher than those of CON group respectively（P〈0.05 ）. No significant differences were observed between the percentage of abdominal fat and leg muscle rate of rooster and hen of the two groups respectively. The economic cost accounting results showed that the culturing cost for each chick of ADYJ group was 9.65 Yuan and was 0.33 Yuan less than that of the CON group. It was indicated that yellow-feathered broilers hybrid with dw gene could significantly increase the production efficiency.