关于医助自杀合法性的争论及伦理分析

Debates and Ethical Analysis of Physician-assistant Suicide

医助自杀区别于积极安乐死。在医助自杀合法化的国家里,它必须符合以下基本条件:医助自杀必须是患者本人的自主选择;医生只负责为患者提供无痛苦死亡的手段;患者、患者家属和医生达成了一致意见。医助自杀的合法性问题涉及到众多影响因素,大多数支持者们从患者的自主权、死亡权或道德仁慈论、生命质量论等角度出发为其辩护;而反对者们则从道德滑坡论、生命神圣论或技术滥用的风险等角度来进行反驳。立足于正反两方面的争辩,对医助自杀进行伦理学上的有效分析,为当前的医助自杀的立法提供理论依据。

Physician-assistant suicide is different from active euthanasia.It must fit the following criterion in those countries which admit the legalization of physician-assistant suicide.Firstly,the patients are free to make choices about whether to do the physician-assistant suicide.Secondly,the physician is simply responsible for the provision of methods for painless death.Finally,the physician,the patient and his or her family reach agreement.The legalization of physician-assistant suicide involves many factors.The supporters mainly advocate the legalization from autonomous,the right to die,virtue of benevolence and quality of life doctrine.The opponents argue the demoralization,the theory of holiness of life and risks of technology abuse against the legalization.On the basis of the pros and cons of the matter,it has practical significance to analyze the ethics of physician-assistant suicide and provide the theoretic foundation for the legalization of physicianassistant suicide.