康吉莱姆生命观探析

The Research on Canguilhem's View on Life

康吉莱姆的生命科学奠基于他对传统机械主义生命观的反思。传统生命科学将生命理解为机器,任何"差错"都是必须消除的。康吉莱姆引用了大篇幅的生物学、医学的案例揭露了这种独断论观点的缺陷,扭转了近代哲学将生命看作精密仪器的趋势。他以"个体常态"、规范性的视角重新审视了差错,肯定了偶然、变异和可错性是生命的本质体现,强调通过生命的偶然性理解生理上的病态与社会上的反常现象,才能正视病态与畸形以及它对生物学、社会学的价值与意义。

Canguilhem＇s life science is based on his reflections on mechanism of the past.Traditionally,life was conceived as machinery,from which any error must be eradicated.Canguilhem disclosed the flaws of this dogmatism by pages of citations from the biological and medical cases and turned back the trend of modern philosophy in which life was equalized with precision instruments.He reexamined errors from the perspectives of individual normality,normativity and affirmed uncertainty,variability and the ability of error as representations of essence of life.He concluded that a square face of abnormality,deformity,their values and significance to biology and sociology was possible only when physiological pathology and social aberrations were construed through the fortuity of life.