欧洲人权法院视野中的“当场击毙”及其启示

On “Shooting Someone Dead on Sight” from the Perspective of European Human Rights Court and Its Enlightenment

《欧洲人权公约》中有关生命权的规定包含有"当场击毙"的内容,即依照"绝对必需"标准,在法定情形下,执法人员有权使用武力乃至剥夺他人的生命。欧洲人权法院在一系列案件裁判中认为:使用武力要综合考虑所有情况;各缔约国的国内立法的替代性规定要切实有效;对"绝对必需"标准的审查要严格贯彻比例性要求;对相关案件要设立足够的调查程序并且要形成机制。欧洲人权法院的裁判体现了平等适用法律的原则,原则性与灵活性相结合的原则以及公正与效率相结合的原则。这些有益经验对我国的"当场击毙"法律规制具有借鉴意义。

Regulations concerning protection of life in European Human Rights Convention include such ideas as “shooting someone dead on sight”, namely, law enforcement offcials may be allowed to use force , even to deprive of life under the legal condi-tion according to the standard of “absolutely necessary”.In judging a series of cases , European Human Rights Court claims that all things must be taken into consideration when using force;substitute principles of national legislation in all signatory states must be ef -fective;review of ＂absolutely necessary＂standard must be conducted under proportional requirments;relevant cases must be guaran-teed by sufficient investigative procedures which are to form stable system .The judgment of European Human Rights Court exhibits the principles of equality in law , the combination of principles and flexibilities , and justice inseparable from efficiency .The above benefi-cial experiences may be applied to Chinese laws and regulations of ＂shooting someone dead on sight＂.