不结球白菜紫色叶片花青素相对含量的遗传分析

Inheritance of Anthocyanin Contents in Purple Leaves of Non-heading Chiness Cabbage

为研究不结球白菜[Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)Makino var.communis Tsen et Lee]叶片紫色性状的遗传规律,选用紫色和绿色不结球白菜亲本纯系各一个配制正反交组合,并构建该杂交组合的6个世代群体(P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2),利用分光光度计在540 nm处测定6世代家系的不结球白菜叶片花青素相对含量,最后花青素相对含量的遗传规律采用多世代联合的数量性状分离分析方法研究。结果表明:不结球白菜杂交组合后代的花青素相对含量介于2个亲本之间,呈现出多峰或单峰偏态分布,且偏向于紫色亲本。其遗传模式符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型(E-0模型);其中F2的主基因遗传率为59.17%,多基因遗传率为27.58%,环境方差占表型方差的比例为19.48%;B1(F1×紫)的主基因遗传率为74.12%。环境因素对不结球白菜花青素相对含量存在一定的影响,因此建议在光照充足及温度适宜的秋季,且在分离早期世代进行不结球白菜紫叶性状的遗传选择,其中B1的遗传效率较高。

In order to study the inheritance of the purple leaves in non-heading Chinese cabbage（Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis（L.） Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee）, a hybridization combination and its respective six-generations, Fl, F2, backcrosses Bland B2 and their parents Pland P2,were made with a purple and a green leaves in non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties. The content of anthocyanin in non-heading Chinese cabbage was determined by using the method of spectrophotometry at 540 nm, and the inheritance anthocyanin was analyzed by the segregation analysis of quantitative traits in multiple generations. The results showed that relative anthocyanin contents in leaves of crosses were between the parents, displayed one asymmetry peak or multimodal distribution,and it was much closer to the purple leave parent. The heritance of anthocyanin contents in leaves of non-heading Chinese cabbage fitted the pattern of E-0 mode1, which was additive- dominance- epitasis major gene plus additive- dominance- epitasis polygene. The major gene heritability was 59.17% and polygene heritability was 27.58% in F2 gene rations in the crosses, while the environmental variance accounted for 19.48% of the phenotypic variance. In the B1（F1×purple） the major gene heritability reached 74.12%, so it was suggested artificial selection of purple leaves trait of non-heading Chinese cabbage could be carried out in the separation of the early generation on an ample light and suitable temperature day in fall, and it was more efficient in B1.