黄河三角洲土地利用时空变化及驱动力研究

Research on Spatial-temporal Changes and the Driving Force of Land Use in the Yellow River Delta

黄河三角洲是保持山东省耕地总量动态平衡、增加耕地面积的重要区域之一,是研究土地利用变化的热点地区。以东营市为研究区,分析了该区域1992—2010年土地利用时空变化特征,探讨了引起土地利用时空变化的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)研究区土地总体趋势是建筑用地、水体、盐田、林地的面积不断增加,而耕地、滩涂、草地、未利用地的面积减少,其中建筑用地增加了5.92%;(2)研究区耕地、盐田、建筑用地、水体之间频繁地转换关系,1992—2010年耕地355.79 km2转为了建筑用地,225.75 km2的滩涂转为盐田;(3)研究区8种土地类型斑块个数51650减少为32892,且耕地7个景观指标均减少;(4)研究区土地利用变化宏观影响因子是政策导向,直接驱动力为人口的不断增长以及快速的城市化进程。

As the most potential big river delta, the Yellow River Delta has distinct land resource advantages,good location and abundant natural resources. The author took Dongying City as the study area and analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of land use from 1992 to 2010 in this area, and explored the socioeconomic factors and driving force of human activities which caused the land use change. The results showed：（1） The overall trend was the increase of building land, water body, salt pan and forest area, and the decrease of the arable land, intertidal zone, grassland and unused land. Among the changes, building land increased by 5.92%.（2） The study area mainly switched among cultivated land, building land, salt pan and water body. There were 355.79 km2 arable land became building land, 225.75 km^2 intertidal zone became salt pan. The conversion between cultivated land, salt pan, building land and water body occurred frequently.（3） The number of eight kinds of land plaque was reduced to 32892 from 51650. And 7 landscape indicators in arable land were reduced.（4） The analysis of driving factor in land- use change of the research area indicated that policy guidance was the main factor to influence land-use change in the area; while the rising population and rapid urbanization were the direct driving force to a significant reduction of arable land.