广东省典型地区地膜残留现状分析

The Status Quo of Mulching Film Residues in Representative Regions of Guangdong Province

为了调查广东省典型地区覆膜作物的地膜残留情况及影响因素,选取惠州市博罗县2种典型覆膜作物,6个典型覆膜地块作为调查对象,通过实地挖取样方的方式,对广东省典型覆膜作物的地膜残留现状进行调查分析。结果表明：不同地块的土壤地膜残留量差异很大,2013年0~30 cm土层的地膜残留量平均为45.0 kg/hm2。与2011年相比,6个典型地块的地膜残留量均有不同程度的增加。地膜主要残留分布在耕作层（0~20 cm）,该层残膜量占80%以上。除地膜外,2011年其他固体污染物在土壤中的地膜残留量为0.36~36.4 kg/hm2,不同地块的其他固体污染物残留量占总固体污染物的比重差异很大,最高的达70.4%,其在土壤中的残留污染也不容忽视。地膜残留量直接取决于地膜回收率,今后政府应加大宣传,提高对地膜残留污染的认识,制定鼓励地膜回收的相关政策。

In order to investigate the field residues of mulching film and their relative impact factors in typical areas of Guangdong Province, 2 typical mulching film-crops and 6 mulching film-fields were selected as the investigation samples in Boluo County of Huizhou City. The results showed that significant difference in residues of film was observed among different fields. The film residue was averagely 45.0 kg/hm2 in the 0-30 cm soil layer in 2013. As compared to 2011, the residue of film in 6 fields showed varied degrees of increase. The film was mainly distributed in the top soil（0-20 cm） which occupied more than 80% of the total.Except for the film, other solid pollutants residues were 0.36-36.4 kg/hm2. Furthermore, the ratio of other solid pollutants residues to the total solid pollutants in different fields showed remarkable difference and the highest value of 70.4% were observed. The residue of other solid pollutant in soil should not be neglected. The film residue depends heavily on the film recovery. In the future, the government should strengthen publicity on the harmful effects of film residues and encourage to draft relative policies on film recovery.