育秧方式与机插密度对早稻机插栽培的产量影响

Effects of Seedling Raising Methods and Transplanting Density on Yields Using Mechanical Transplanting for Early Season Rice

双季早稻机插栽培技术研究对水稻机械化栽插及配套栽培具有重要的意义,其中早稻机插育秧方式与机插密度又是该项技术中的关键点。本研究以‘中早39’为材料,对育秧播种量、育秧床土类型和栽插密度设计不同的处理,考察其对秧苗的生长、秧苗素质、机插质量及产量的影响。结果认为,播种量为110 g/盘所培育的秧苗,出苗率、成秧率、苗重/苗高比都较其他的处理高,获得优质的机插秧苗。不同床土类型育秧对比试验表明,以"基质"或"黄泥土+基质母剂"作为床土培育的秧苗个体健壮、茎基宽大、机插质量好。移栽大田后,返青活棵较快,单位面积有效分蘖多,最终获得较高的实收产量。移栽密度试验表明,行株距为30 cm×14 cm和24 cm×17 cm,即移栽密度分别为24.45万丛/hm2和23.85万丛/hm2时,穗形较大,群体协调,实收产量最高。

Researches on mechanical transplanting technology for double cropping early season rice play animportant role in mechanization culture of rice production. Seedling raising methods and transplanting densitywere the key points in mechanical transplanting technology for early season rice. In the present study, differenttreatments of sowing rate, seedbed types and transplanting density were designed to investigate the influenceon seedling growth, seedling quality and machine- transplanted quality of early season rice using variety‘Zhongzao 9＇. It was shown that, for sowing rate, 110 g per disc could raise strong seedlings with higheremergence rate, adult seeding rate and ratio of seedling weight to height, and high quality seedlings ofmechanical transplanting were obtained. Compared with seedlings raised by various seedbed types,＂potmixture＂or＂pot mixture plus yellow soil＂, these two kinds of seedbed types would develop healthy and strongseedling plants, wide stem and high quality for machine transplanting. After transplanting in growing field,seedlings revived fast, and develop higher effective tiller numbers per area, resulted in high output at last. Theexperiment of transplanting density was conducted; it indicated that two designs of distance of row： line 30 cm×14 cm or 24 cm×17 cm, transplanting density 244500 holes/hm2 and 238500 holes/hm2 were in favor for ricegrowth and developments, including large panicles, optimized plant population and higher yields.