农村生活污水分散式处理研究现状及技术探讨

Present Status and Technology on Decentralized Treatment of Domestic Sewage in Rural Areas

分散式污水处理研究已经成为一种新的理念,其具有投资少、简单实用、管理方便、效率高、运行成本低等诸多优点,适合于中国农村生活污水处理。污水处理工艺技术的选择直接关系到污水处理效果及当地的环境卫生。本文综述了国内外农村分散式生活污水处理研究现状,对人工湿地、稳定塘、生物滤池、生态浮岛、厌氧生物处理工艺等主要分散式污水处理技术进行了探讨,并对常用的几种分散式污水处理技术进行了分类和比较。本文认为分散式生活污水处理组合工艺具有更强的适用性和应用性,是解决分散式生活污水处理难题的重要途径。

Decentralized treatment of domestic sewage has become a new idea. Due to many advantages suchas small investment, convenience of management, high purification efficiency and low maintenance costs, etc,it is suited for rural domestic sewage treatment. However, the choice of techniques of sewage treatment isdirectly related to the effects of sewage treatment and the environmental health in an area. In this paper, thepresent status of rural domestic sewage treatment both in China and abroad were reviewed, and severaltechnologies of decentralized treatment of domestic sewage were introduced, such as constructed wetlands,stabilization pond, artificial floating island, biological filter and anaerobic biological treatment technology.Based on the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of many decentralized treatment technologies beingused in China and abroad,their treatment effect, environmental and economic conditions were discussed.Finally, we suggested that hybrid of different processes had stronger applicability for decentralized treatment ofdomestic sewage and could promote decentralized treatment facilities in the future.