全国重要生态功能区生态安全评价

Ecological Security Evaluation of National Important Ecological Function Areas

《全国生态功能区划》提出的50个国家重要生态功能区域,对于国家和区域生态安全保障具有重要指导意义。从生态胁迫和生态结构与功能2个方面选取指标构建生态安全评价体系,以2000、2005和2010年生态系统遥感数据为基础,分区对全国重要生态功能区生态安全进行评价,识别生态安全状况呈恶化趋势的区域,为全国重要生态功能区的生态安全保障工作提供理论基础和科学依据。结果显示,水源涵养区和生物多样性保护区的生态安全指数相对较高,土壤保持重要区的生态安全状况较差;重要生态功能区总体生态安全状况呈下降趋势,比较显著的变化包括洞庭湖洪水调蓄重要区和藏东南山地热带雨林生物多样性保护重要区的生态环境状况改善明显,黑河中下游防风固沙重要区的生态安全指数值最小且呈下降趋势。

The ＂National Ecological Function Zoning＂ of China defined 50 national important ecological function areas, which have great significance on the protection of national and regional ecological security. Indicators were selected from two aspects of ecological stress and ecosystem structure to form ecological security evaluation system, and zoning ecological security evaluation based on remote sensing data of three periods were conducted on national important ecological function areas in order to identify areas where ecological security conditions show deterioration trends, which could provide theoreti？cal and scientific basis for ecological security assurance of national important ecological function areas. Results show that ecological security indices of water conservation areas and biodiversity protection areas were relatively high, while soil con？servation areas were in poor situation. Overall ecological security situation of national important ecological function areas has been declined. The ecological environment situation of Dongting Lake flood regulation areas and the southeastern Tibet mountain rainforest biodiversity protection areas improved significantly. While the ecological security index of the wind pre？vention and sand fixation areas in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River were the least and had a further declining trend.