基于人均生态承载力的安徽省资源环境公平性研究

Study on the Fairness of Resource-Environment System of Anhui Province Based on Ecological Carrying Capacity of Per Capita

通过对人均生态承载力内涵的扩展,提出了生态承载系数的概念。从多个时间断面出发,计算2001—2010年安徽省17个地市的人均生态承载力,并选取能源消耗、水资源消耗、SO2排放和COD排放4个评价因子,构建基于人均生态承载力的安徽省资源环境基尼系数和生态承载系数的计算与评价方法。结果表明:(1)安徽省SO2排放的资源环境基尼系数高于0.4的警戒线,能源消耗的资源环境基尼系数接近0.4的警戒线,水资源消耗和COD排放的资源环境基尼系数均处于相对平均等级。(2)总体来看,省内资源型城市马鞍山、淮南,经济较发达城市合肥和沿江工业城市安庆、芜湖是安徽省资源消耗和污染物排放不公平性的主要因子,需要优化资源环境分配;皖南山区城市黄山、池州和宣城是安徽省资源消耗和污染物排放公平性的主要因子。该研究可为安徽省资源环境安全性评估和分配提供理论依据。

Through expansion of the connotation of “per capita ecological carrying capacity”, the concept of ecological load coefficient （ ELC） was established. Based on multiple time sections, the ecological carrying capacity per capita of 17 cities in Anhui Province during 2001—2010 was calculated. At the same time, based on the per capita ecological carrying capacity the energy consumption, fresh water consumption, COD discharge and SO2 emission were chosen to establish the methods for calculation and evaluation of the Gini coefficient of resources and environment （ Gr,e ） and the ELC in Anhui Province. The results show that （1） The SO2 emission of Gr,e are higher than the“red line” of 0？4, and the energy con？sumption of Gr,e is close to 0？4. The Gr,e of other items such as fresh water consumption and COD discharge are all in a rel？ative and reasonable scope. （2） On the whole, the resource？based cities （such as Ma′anshan, Huainan）, the relatively developed cities （such as Hefei） and the industrial cities along the Yangtze River （such as Anqing, Wuhu） in Anhui Province are the main factors contributing to unfairness of the resource consumption and pollutant release. These cities need optimize the allocation of resources and environment. Cities in the mountainous area of south Anhui Province （ such as Huangshan, Chizhou, Xuancheng） are the main factors contributing to fairness of resource consumption and pollutants re？lease. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for safety assessment and fairly distribution of the resources and environment of Anhui Province.