论马克思恩格斯家庭新历史观及当代价值

On the New History Concept and Contemporary Values of Marx and Engels' Family Thoughts

马克思恩格斯非常重视家庭在人类社会发展中的重要地位及作用,把家庭作为唯物史观的重要范畴。他们扬弃了摩尔根等人的家庭理论,深入批判唯心主义的家庭历史观,阐述了马克思主义家庭新历史观。其主要内容有:在古代社会中,家庭与生活资料生产方式对社会的存在和发展具有决定性作用,家庭是亲属制度的基础,家庭是生产力,家族关系支配着社会制度、新型的婚姻家庭关系挑战传统的婚姻家庭关系等。研究及阐发这一理论的意义和价值在于:将马克思恩格斯丰富的家庭新历史观再现于当前的马克思主义原理教科书之中,修正其唯物史观的"经济决定论"倾向;指导家庭学、人类学和社会学等学科的研究与建设;有助于对"和谐家庭"的认知与把握,促进"和谐社会"的实现;有助于通过"全面建成小康家庭"来实现"全面建成小康社会"。

Marx and Engels have attached great importance to the position and role of families in the developing process of human society,viewing families as an important category of historical materialism.They discarded the family theory of Morgan′s and others′,offered in-depth critiques of idealism history concept of family and elabora-ted the new Marxist history concept of family.Its main contents are：in the ancient society,families and mode of subsistence production play a decisive role in the existence and development of the society;families are the basis of kinship system;families are productivity and family relations dominate the social system;new marriage and family relations challenge the traditional marriage and family relations.The significance and value of the research and the elucidation of this theory is to reproduce the rich new history concept of family of Marx and Engels′in the current Marxist principles on textbooks,amend its“economic determinism”tendency of materialism and guide the research and construction of family science,anthropology and sociology,contribute to the understanding and grasp of“har-monious families”,promote the realization of a“harmonious society”and help achieve a“comprehensive well-off society”through “full establishment of well-off families”.