19世纪后期莱斯特天花预防对策的演变

Evolution of Leicester's Smallpox Prophylaxis in Late 19th Century

19世纪中期莱斯特支持种痘,但从1878年开始走上反种痘之路,后因组织1885年大游行而成为反种痘派的大本营。莱斯特反对种痘的原因在于强制种痘侵犯了个人自由,倡导莱斯特方法取而代之。莱斯特方法是威廉·约翰逊医生的发明,采用强制上报和隔离等措施预防天花,既能有效预防天花又无强制种痘之缺点,逐渐被英国政府所认可。莱斯特的天花预防历程是英国医疗社会史的重要篇章,展现出英格兰人"爱生命,更爱自由"的价值取向。

Leicester, pro-vaccinating in the mid-19th century, took the road of anti-vaccination from 1878, and became the headquarter of anti-vaccinationists for launching the Demonstration of 1885.The reason of Leicester anti-vaccination was that compulsory vaccination violated individual freedom, which advocated for Leicester Method instead. Leicester Method, invented by Dr. William Johnson, took measures of compulsory reporting and isolation measures to prevent smallpox, which gradually recognized by the governments. The course of Leicester＇s smallpox prophylaxis was an important chapter in medical social history in Britain and showed the English value orientation of ＂Love freedom more than love life＂.