西安市美沙酮维持治疗门诊受治者艾滋病及美沙酮相关知识调查分析

Investigation and analysis on AIDS and methadone knowledge among people receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Xi'an City

目的了解美沙酮维持治疗患者基本情况及对艾滋病、美沙酮相关知识的知晓状况,为开展以美沙酮门诊为平台的艾滋病防治策略提供科学依据。方法 2012年1—6月在西安市新城区最早开设的一家美沙酮维持治疗门诊对美沙酮维持治疗的受治者进行艾滋病及美沙酮相关知识知晓率调查,并对其影响接受人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）抗体检测和尿检结果的因素进行分析。结果受治者以40-50岁的青壮年为主,占66.5%;初中文化程度者居多,占41.1%;尿检阳性率为10.2%,不同文化程度者阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。受治者对艾滋病防治知识回答的正确率平均为76.7%,对美沙酮相关知识回答的平均正确率为87.0%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,未婚和同居者为接受HIV抗体检测的影响因素。结论美沙酮门诊受治者对艾滋病知识的知晓率比对美沙酮相关知识的知晓率低,应在今后的艾滋病宣传教育中针对薄弱环节重点加强。通过美沙酮维持治疗门诊能够促进受治者艾滋病高危行为的改变,进而有效地控制吸毒人群中的艾滋病疫情发展。

[Objective]To understand the basic conditions of people receiving methadone maintenance treatment（MMT） in Xi＇an City,analyze the awareness rates of AIDS and methadone knowledge,and provide a scientific basis for carrying out AIDS prevention strategy on the basis of MMT. [Methods]A survey about the awareness rates of AIDS and methadone knowledge was performed among people receiving MMT in the first MMT clinic in Xicheng District of Xi＇an City from January to June in 2012,and the factors influenced their acceptance of HIV antibody test and urine test results were analyzed. [Results]Most of people receiving MMT were young adults aged 40-50 years old,accounting for 66.5%,and 41.1% of them had the educational level of junior high school. The positive rate of urine test was 10.2%,and there was significant difference in the positive rate among groups of different educational level（P〈 0.05）. The average correct rate of HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge was 76.7%,and the average correct rate of methadone knowledge was 87.0%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that unmarried and cohabitants were the factors influenced the acceptance of HIV antibody test.[Conclusion]The awareness rate of AIDS knowledge is lower than that of methadone knowledge among people receiving MMT,so it is necessary to strengthen the AIDS education according to weak links. MMT clinic can promote the MMT patients change their high risk behaviors,so as to effectively control the AIDS epidemic among drug users.