2004—2013年沈阳市麻疹的流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Shenyang City from 2004-2013

目的分析沈阳市2004—2013年麻疹的流行病学特征,为制定该地区的消除麻疹防控措施提供依据。方法对沈阳市2004—2013年麻疹监测病例进行描述流行病学方法分析。结果沈阳市2004—2013年累计报告麻疹病例2 949例,年平均发病率为0.39/10万,10年间的发病率呈波动趋势。发病季节主要集中在4—6月份,占67.28%;但近2年发病高峰后移明显。沈阳市所辖各地区均有病例报告,其中以经济发达、人口流动性大的地区为主。各年龄组均有麻疹病例,最小为15 d,最大为64岁,平均发病年龄为20岁;0岁组发病率最高,占发病数的23.84%,且所占比例呈逐年上升趋势,其中以5-7月龄为主,占该年龄组的45.37%;25岁以上人群占病例总数的41.81%;男女性别比为1.37∶1。结论该市麻疹疫情存在周期性波动,年龄分布呈现＂双相移位＂现象。因此,确保适龄儿童的常规免疫接种以及对育龄妇女开展麻疹接种是控制麻疹发病的有效措施。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Shenyang City from 2004-2013,provide the basis for measures for elimination of measles in this region. [Methods]The epidemic data of measles in Shenyang City from2004-2013 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method. [Results]A total of 2 949 measles cases were reported in Shenyang from 2004-2013,the average annual incidence rate was 0.39/lakh,and the incidence rate showed a fluctuation trend in10 years. The peak season appeared April to June,and the cases accounted for 67.28%,but the peak postponed significantly in recent 2 years. The cases were reported in all districts/counties of Shenyang City,and concentrated in developed area with floating population. The cases distributed in every age group,the youngest and oldest patient was 15 years old and 64 years old respectively,and the average age was 20 years old. The incidence rate in 0-12 months age group was the highest,which the cases accounted for 23.84% of total cases,meanwhile,the proportion increased gradually,and most of cases were infants aged5-7 months,accounting for 45.37% of cases in 0-12 month age group. 41.81% of patients were people over 25 years old,and the ratio of male-to-female was 1.37 ∶1. [Conclusion]The epidemic situation of measles shows the cyclical fluctuations in Shenyang City, and the age distribution appears the phenomenon of double shift. Therefore, ensuring the routine immunization among school-age children and implementing the measles vaccination among reproductive women are the effective measures to control the measles.