关于内蒙古半干旱地区弃耕的思考——以和林格尔县为例

Discussion on the Farmland Abandonment in the Semiarid Area in Inner Mongolia: A Case Study of Hollinger County

研究目的:通过对县域1996—2012年耕地减少和弃耕地的数量变化和空间分布特征分析,厘清农民弃耕的主要原因与利弊,为县域耕地与基本农田保护提供一定的依据。研究方法:农户调查实证分析和GIS空间叠加方法相结合。研究结果:1996—2012年间全县耕地呈减少趋势,且程度趋于缓和,弃耕地总面积3236.5 hm2,主要集中于1996—2009年间,占弃耕地总面积93.91%;弃耕地空间分布主要集中在东南部山区,弃耕数量从东南向西北逐渐降低;政策影响、农村劳动力减少、农民种地收入低、耕地自然质量较差等均成为研究区弃耕的主要原因;弃耕地对该县粮食产量没有造成明显影响。研究结论:弃耕地是当地农民应对自然环境变化和生活环境改善的选择结果,有助于生态环境条件的改善;主动休耕、调整农业结构与改善农业生产条件、加强政策引导等是保证耕地保有量稳定的主要途径。

The purpose of this study is to find the reason of farmland abandonment in the semiarid area in Hollinger County. The methods of farmer households survey and GIS were employed. The results indicated that cultivated land had a decline trend gradually between 1996 and 2012 in Hollinger County. There were 3236.5 hm2 of fallow land, mainly occurred during 1996-2009, and accounted for 93.91% of the total abandoned land area. The abandoned land was mainly concentrated in the southeast and the amount of the abandoned land gradually declined from southeast to northwest area. The decrease amount of laborur, the income of farmer and poor quality of farmland were the main reasons of farmland abandonment. So far, the abandoned farmland in Hollinger County has not impacted obviously on grain production. It is concluded that the abandoned farmland is the result of natural environment change and living environment improvement by local farmers. The abandonment helps to improve the ecological environment. It is the only way to prevent the abandonment of farmland and maintain farmland through agricultural structures adjustment, conditions improvement of agricultural production, policy guidance enhancement, and farmer living standard improvement.