论犯罪化过程的阶层化构造——从社会危害性到法益侵害性的进阶

Hierarchical Structure of Criminalization Procedure

犯罪化的过程即犯罪范围的选择,事关刑事立法的正当性,而这首先与犯罪的本质特征相关。社会危害性和法益侵害性,分别属于立法层面和司法层面的犯罪概念的本质特征,各有其特征、作用。犯罪化的过程事实上是从社会危害性到法益侵害性的过程,将这一过程进行阶层化构建,有利于强化刑事立法的正当性:第一阶层检验某一行为是否具有社会危害性,即是否存在严重损害、深度冒犯和高度危险(风险)。第二阶层检验将该行为犯罪化是否具有公众认同基础。第三阶层检验将其犯罪化是否符合效益原则。

Criminalizing process is the process to choose crime rage. That is related with legitimacy of criminal legislation, and it firstly refers to the essential characteristics of a crime. Social harmfulness is the essential characteristics of legislative crime concept, and legal interests violating is the essential characteristics of judicial crime concept. Each has its characteristic and function. Criminalizing process is actually the process of transform from social harmfulness to legal interests violating. Putting this process into stratification building will help strengthen the legitimacy of the criminal legislation： The first stage is to test whether a particular act is harmful to the society, in another word, whether there is a serious damage, a deep offensive or highly danger （risk）. The second stage is to test whether criminalizing the behavior has public recognition basis. The third stage is to test whether criminalizing the behavior is accorded with cost-benefit principle.