亚里士多德《诗学》中第四种悲剧辨析——兼及亚氏《诗学》不完全归纳法

Study of the Fourth Tragedy in "Poetics" by Aristotle——And the Incomplete Induction of "Poetics"

亚里士多德《诗学》中将悲剧分为四种类型,其中第四种悲剧因《诗学》抄本中只保留了oês三个字母,无法确认其所指。以往学界多将oês订作opsis,本文通过考证、推理得出第四种悲剧应订作epeisodiodês才更妥。且依据这类悲剧的审美资源,将其汉译为"场景式悲剧"。亚里士多德对悲剧的分类采用了不完全归纳法,即用最具代表性的剧作来论证他的理论观点,正是此方法论成就了《诗学》所建构的整套戏剧理论体系。

Aristotle＇s ＂Poetics＂ classified tragedies into four kinds. The fourth one is hard to identify due to the remaining three lettersoes in its incomplete transcription. The previous studies usually consideredoes as a part of opsis. However, this paper analyzes and infers that the fourth tragedy should properly be epeisodiodes, which can be translated as ＂scene tragedy＂in Chinese according to the aesthetic resources of this kind of tragedy. Aristotle＇s classification of tragedies adopted incomplete induction, namely using the most representative dramas to prove his theoretical point of view, which contributed to the whole theory system of drama constructed by ＂Poetics＂.