当代工程伦理规范的道德心理分析

Analyzing Moral Psychology of the Contemporary Engineering Ethics Codes

以西方各职业社团的工程伦理章程为表现样态的当代工程伦理规范全面体现出现代道德哲学的本质特点,即伦理生活的基本要旨就在于遵守和服从各种道德责任(义务),而忽略了道德心理这一关键问题。规范把所有的道德话语都归结为关于"工程师应当……"的律令,以"将公众的安全、健康和福利放在首位"为最高准则,把工程行为者所有的道德心理都抽象地归结为对"应当"的服从和对"责任"的遵行。这一方面造成了工程行为者的盲目服从,另一方面也降低了规范对工程行为者的影响,并造成其行动时的心理困惑。缺少对道德心理的关注将最终使工程-人-自然-社会整体存在中工程行为者的"责任"变得单调,行为主体的工程活动亦因此变得单薄、廉价而丧失意义。

The contemporary engineering ethics codes in practice show different engineering ethics rules in the west.The codes reflect an essential characteristic of modern moral philosophy;that is to say,the basic purpose of human ethical life is to abide by and obey our understanding of all kinds of moral responsibilities(duties),but neglect the key problem of moral psychology.Therefore,the codes will boil moral discourses down to the law of 'Engineers ought to be / to do…'in order to make the highest criterion 'Engineer must give priority to the public safety,health and welfare'and to attribute all moral psychologies to the acceptance of 'engineers are obliged to be / to do ……'and thus fulfilling their 'responsibilities'.As a consequence,engineers will blindly obey the codes.On the other hand,the codes will weaken their influence on the engineers and lead to psychological confusions.Lack of concern for the moral psychology will ultimately make 'responsibility'of engineers humdrum in the totality of 'engineering-human-nurture-society'structure,and the moral preaching in engineering practice of 'engineers ought to be / to do……'becomes weak and meaningless.