民族旅游中的族群社区自我发展机制研究——以大理双廊白族村为例

Research on the Ethnic Community's Self-development Mechanism of Ethnic Tourism——A Case Study of Shuanglang Bai Minority Village in Dali

传统民族社区旅游业发展中,由政府和开发商构成的"他群"在旅游开发与管理中居于主导地位,成为决策及经济收益的主体。东道主居民或者无参与或者被动参与,缺乏决策权、话语权和必要的经济收益,成为被操纵、被利用的对象。本研究以大理双廊白族村为个案,通过深入的田野调查,着力从社区主导旅游发展、政府宏观调控与扶持、以社区为利益主体的旅游经济发展、文化旅游产业发展、民族文化自我保护与传承、主-客合作六个方面构建民族旅游社区自我发展机制,力图赋权东道主居民,尝试在有限外来力量介入情况下,鼓励社区居民主动参与旅游开发、发展和管理,充分发挥决策权和话语权,探索一条让绝大多数原住民真正获益的社区旅游业可持续发展之路。

In the course of traditional ethnic community tourism development,the governments and the tourism developers as the 'other group'are in a dominant position in the local tourism development and management and they become the major body of decision-making and economic profit takers.The local ethnic residents on the other hand become the objects of being manipulated who have no participation or only passively participate in local tourism development,and who have no right to make decisions,have no discourse and necessary economic income.Through in-depth field work,the author took Shuanglang Bai Minority villages in Dali as a study case.This case study made great efforts to construct the self-development mechanism of ethnical tourism community by taking into consideration the community-dominating tourism development,the government's macroeconomic regulation and control and support,the community-interest-as-the-main-body model of tourism development,cultural tourism industry development,self protection and inheritance of national culture,cooperation between the host and the guests.This mechanism intended to empower the host residents with the limited help from the outside world so that they can be encouraged to actively participate in the development,improvement and management of local tourism industry,and give a full play to the decision-making power and discourse right,and finally figure out a real sustainable way of developing ethnic community tourism to benefit the local ethnic residents.