收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响

Effect of seed mildew in field on yield and quality of soybean during harvest season

为明确收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响,采用人工降雨室内模拟连阴雨天气,对18个大豆材料进行高湿诱导霉变处理,通过籽粒霉变程度分级,比较不同材料间的霉变敏感性差异,同时考察霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响.结果表明,不同大豆材料对籽粒田间霉变的敏感性存在显著差异,黑色和棕色种皮大豆较黄色种皮大豆的霉变抗性更强.霉变使各大豆材料产量显著下降,产量损失在23.14% ～96.55%之间,产量损失率与霉变指数呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,产量损失率（Y）与霉变指数（X）的回归拟合方程为Y=1.34X＋24.51,R=0.98.霉变还影响大豆品质,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪的相对含量随霉变程度的增加先降低后升高,可溶性糖的相对含量随霉变程度的增加而降低,而蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖的绝对含量均随霉变程度的增加而降低.此外,霉变使籽粒百粒重降低,并随霉变程度的增加而逐步降低.大豆收获期籽粒田间霉变会对大豆产量和品质产生不利影响,不同抗性的大豆种质资源为抗霉变大豆品种的选育提供了物质基础.

To investigate the effect of seed mildew during harvest season on soybean yield and quality,18 soybean varieties were treated by using the artificial rainfall chamber to simulate the continuous rainfall weather. The results showed that seed mildew caused great yield loss,the loss rate ranged from 23. 14% to 96. 55%,and the loss rate was highly significantly related to mildew index( P < 0. 01),the regression equation between yield loss rate( Y) and mildew index( X) was Y = 1. 34 X + 24. 51,R = 0. 98. The seed mildew also induced soybean seed quality deterioration. The relative content of protein and fat reduced firstly and then increased with the increased seed mildew grade,the relative content of soluble sugar decreased with the increased mildew. The absolute content of the three types of nutrient substances decreased with the increased seed mildew grade,and the 100- seed weight decreased significantly. The results also showed that the resistance of black soybean and brown soybean to field seed mildew was stronger than that of yellow soybean,indicating that soybean coat color had some special relationship with the resistance to seed mildew in field. The seed mildew caused by continuous rainfall weather during harvest had detrimental effects on soybean yield and quality,while the significant differences in sensitives among soybean varieties benefited the breeding of the cultivars with high resistance to seed mildew.