滇池流域水污染防治收费政策实施绩效评估

Performance evaluation on the water pollution control charging policy of Dianchi Lake basin

分析了滇池流域现行的排污收费制度、污水处理收费制度和阶梯水价政策的实施效果,采用DEA方法的C2R模型和BC2模型对2001~2012年滇池流域水污染防治收费政策实施绩效进行了评估.结果表明：排污收费制度、污水处理收费制度和阶梯水价政策对降低滇池流域废水和污染物的排放以及提高流域用水效率均起到了较好的促进作用,且各政策实施绩效水平较高,综合效率值均值为0.902;影响滇池流域水污染防治收费政策的主要因素为单位COD排放工业增加值,可通过提高排污费征收标准或者排污费改税等措施,以进一步降低企业污染物的排放量;作为有效实施的环境经济政策,适当调整政策的征收标准,有利于提高各政策的实施效率.

This study analyzed the effect of water pollution control charging policies （wastewater charging system, sewage treatment charging policy and staged water price policy） which were currently implemented in Dianchi Lake basin. And then the performance of water pollution control charging policies of Dianchi Lake basin from 2001 to 2012 were evaluated using the C：R model and BC2 model. The results showed that the policies of wastewater charging system, sewage treatment charging policy and staged water price policy had played important roles for reducing waste water emissions and improving the water using efficiency in the Dianchi Lake basin. The technical efficiency level of water pollution control charging policy in Dianchi Lake basin were high with a mean value of 0.902. The main factor affecting the water pollution control charging policy of Dianchi Lake basin was the industrial added value per unit COD discharge, therefore the government of Dianchi Lake basin could raise the standards of corporate sewage charges or levy discharge taxes in order to reduce pollutants emissions. Adjusting the impose standards of different policies appropriately, as the important environmental economic policies, would help to improve the implementation efficiency level of policies.