金华市2011-2013年活禽市场甲型流感病毒监测分析

Surveillance on influenza A virus in live poultry markets in Jinhua,2011-2013

目的了解金华市活禽市场甲型流感病毒分布情况,评估人感染禽流感风险。方法选取全市21个活禽市场,开展市场基本情况调查,并采集养禽笼具等5类环境样本共405份,采用PCR方法检测甲型流感病毒,使用SPSS 13.0软件对检测结果进行分析。结果样本中通用A型流感病毒阳性率为30.37%(123/405),21个市场、5类样本中均有阳性样本检出。城区市场阳性率高于农村市场(χ2=4.624,P<0.05),涉禽摊位数≥5个的市场阳性率高于涉禽摊位数<5个的市场(χ2=9.990,P<0.01),消毒市场阳性率低于未消毒市场(χ2=5.416,P<0.05),冬春季样本阳性率高于夏秋季(χ2=13.438,P<0.01),活禽销售区和禽宰杀加工区的样本阳性率均高于"白条禽"销售区(P均<0.05),涉鸡环境样本阳性率高于涉鸭样本和涉鸽子样本(P均<0.05)。结论金华市活禽市场甲型流感病毒阳性率较高,存在人感染风险;加强市场监管,落实检疫准入、消毒、休市等措施,推广禽类"杀白上市"模式,对预防控制人禽流感非常重要。

Objective To describe the distribution characteristics of influenza A virus in live poultry markets in Jinhua,and to assess the potential risk of human infection with avian influenza virus. Methods We conducted a survey in 21 live poultry markets in Jinhua.Five types of environmental samples were collected for the detection of influenza A virus by real-time PCR.Test results were analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Results In the samples,the positive rate of influenza A virus was 30.37%（123/405）.Positive samples were found from each market.The positive rate of samples from urban markets was higher than that from rural markets（c2=4.624,P〈0.05）.Also,the positive rate of samples collected from markets which had 5or more stalls was higher than that from markets with less than 5stalls（c2=9.990,P〈0.01）.The positive rate in daily-disinfected markets was lower than that in markets without（c2=5.416,P〈0.05）,and that of specimens collected in winter and spring was higher than in summer and autumn（c2=13.438,P〈0.01）.Samples from sales areas and slaughter areas had higher positive rate compared to those from ＂not-live-poultry listed＂sale areas（P〈0.05）.Also,samples collected from chicken related environment had higher positive rate than those from duck and pigeon related environment（P〈0.05）. Conclusions The positive rate of Influenza A virus is relatively higher in poultry markets,and there is potential risk of human infection.Therefore,it is critical to enforce the market supervision,including vaccination,cleaning and disinfection,in order to control the infection of influenza virus.