临床护士血源性职业暴露的危险因素

The risk factors of the hematogenous occupation exposure of the clinical nurses

目的研究临床护士血源性职业暴露的危险因素,为做好职业防护提供依据。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对某医院临床护士发生血源性职业暴露情况及相关因素进行了调查与分析。结果调查期间从该医院临床一线护士中共查出99例发生职业暴露,其中实习护士占62.63%,护士占26.26%,护师以上职称人员占11.11%。在护士职业暴露中,以针刺伤为主,其中静脉采血和输液拔针占58.59%;注射胰岛素后双手回套针帽刺伤占13.13%。暴露源血源性病原体以乙型肝炎病毒为主,占47.48%,其他依次为丙型肝炎、艾滋病病毒和梅毒螺旋体。结论该医院临床护士职业暴露人群主要是实习护士和初级职称护士,以针刺伤为主,加强培训和规范操作流程为主要防控措施。

Objective To study the risk factors of clinical nurses＇ hematogenous exposure and provide evidence for occu- pational protection. Methods Retrospective survey was used to investigate and analysis the hematogenous occupation ex- posure of clinical nurses and related factors. Results Ninety - nine cases were found during the research, among which the student nurses accounted for 62. 63%, nurses accounted for 26. 26%, primary nurses accounted for 11.11%. Vein blood collection and dealing with the infusion needling accounted for 58.59%, setting needle cap back with hands after in- jection of insulin accounted for 13.13%. The source of exposure in blood borne pathogens was based on hepatitis B, which occupied for 47.48%. The others were hepatitis C, HIV and syphilis in turn. Conclusion The main subjects of occupa- tion exposure were seniority nurses and student nurses. And needle - stab injury was the main cause. Stricter training and more standard operation procedure should be implemented to prevent and control the infection.