自我—他人重叠及观点采择类型对助人意愿的影响

The Effects of Self-other Overlap and Perspective Taking Categories on Willingness for Help

目的:探讨不同的观点采择类型下,自我—他人重叠对助人意愿的影响。方法:采用3(观点采择类型;认知观点采择、情感观点采择、控制组)×2(重叠程度:高重叠、低重叠)两因素混合设计,考察120名大学生在不同的观点采择类型下助人意愿受自我—他人重叠影响的情况。结果:重叠程度主效应显著,被试对高重叠对象的助人意愿显著高于低重叠组;观点采择类型主效应显著,观点采择后的被试助人意愿显著高于控制组,观点采择类型与重叠程度交互效应显著。进一步分析发现,低自我—他人重叠条件下的助人意愿受观点采择类型的影响,而高自我—他人重叠条件下的助人意愿不受观点采择类型的影响。结论:与认知观点采择相比,情感观点采择显著提高了低自我—他人重叠条件下的助人意愿。

Objective： To explore the effects of different perspective taking categories and self-other overlap on willingness for help. Methods： By using a two-factor mixed design, we studied the influences of self-other overlap on helping willingness with different perspective taking categories. 120 university students participated in the experiment. Results： A 3 （cognitive perspective taking, affective perspective taking, control）x2（high-overlap, low-overlap） ANOVA yielded a significant main and interactive effects of self-other overlap and perspective taking on help willness were observed. Besides, affectire perspective taking group demonstrated more helping willingness in contrast with the cognitive perspective taking group, while low-level self-other overlap group showed stronger tendency for help wiliness than the high-level self-other overlap group. Conclusion： Self-other overlap has a significant effect on helping willingness. Compared with cognitive perspective taking, affective perspective taking dramatically impro.ves the self-other overlap level and enhances the degree of helping willingness.