状态焦虑和特质焦虑对青少年进食行为的影响:自我控制的中介作用

Effects of State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety on Adolescents' Eating Behavior:Mediating Role of Self-control

目的：比较状态焦虑和特质焦虑对青少年进食行为的影响,并考察自我控制在其中的中介作用。方法：采用饮食行为问卷、状态-特质焦虑量表和自我控制量表对随机选取的264名中学生进行集体施测。结果：1男生在限制性进食和情绪性进食上的得分显著低于女生（P〈0.05）,而在外因性进食和自我控制的得分上性别差异不显著（P〉0.05）。2不同体重组在限制性进食上存在显著差异（P〈0.01）,而在情绪性进食、外因性进食和自我控制上差异不显著（P〉0.05）。3状态焦虑、特质焦虑、自我控制和进食行为各维度之间显著相关。其中自我控制与其他几个因子之间均呈显著负相关（r=0.237~0.458,P〈0.01）,两种焦虑和进食行为各维度之间均呈显著正相关（r=0.197~0.321,P〈0.01）;4自我控制在状态焦虑对进食行为的影响中起部分中介作用（P〈0.05）;在特质焦虑影响进食行为的路径中中介作用不显著（P〉0.05）。结论：自我控制能部分中介状态焦虑对进食行为的影响,但不能中介特质焦虑对进食行为的影响。

Objective： To compare the effects of state anxiety and trait anxiety on adolescents＇ eating behavior, and test the mediation effects of self-control between them. Methods： Selected by random sampling, 264 middle and high school students completed the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Self-Control Scale. Results： ①Boys scored lower than girls in restrained eating and emotional eating（P〈0.05）, while no significant gender difference was found in external eating and self-control（P〉0.05）; ②The difference in restrained eating was significant（P〈0.01）, while no significant difference in emotional eating, external eating and self-control were found among three weight groups （P〉0.05）. ③There were significant correlations among state anxiety, trait anxiety, self-control and three dimensions of eating behavior. Self-control was negatively related to state anxiety, trait anxiety and three dimensions of eating behavior（r= 0.237-0.458, P〈0.01）. State anxiety and trait anxiety were positively related to three dimensions of eating behavior（r= 0.197-0.321, P〈0.01）. ④Self-control was a partial mediator between state anxiety and eating behavior（P〈0.05）; Self-control was not a mediator between trait anxiety and eating behavior（P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Self-control partially mediated the effect of state anxiety on adolescents＇ eating behavior, and did not mediate the effect of trait anxiety.