网络借贷法律监管比较研究

Comparative Study on P2P Lending Legal Regulation

我国的网络借贷(P2P)从2006年起步,逐渐探索出具有中国特色的发展模式。目前Lending Club和Prosper是美国最具代表性的两大P2P公司,中国P2P网贷的引进最初就是完全复制了这两家公司的运营模式。美国SEC将P2P平台纳入证券的范畴进行监管,主要集中在消费者保护和信息披露两方面。中国P2P发展已经发生了演变,增加了担保人的角色,衍生出线上与线下相结合的模式,孕育出债权转让的运营模式,引发出一系列法律风险和经营风险。中国P2P网贷法律监管要坚持鼓励创新与风险防控并重的原则,克服美国监管体制弊端,完善征信体系建设,引入合格投资人制度,加强金融消费者权益保护,处理好政府监管和自律管理的关系,建立适合我国国情的监管模式。

The development of P2 P lending in China started from 2006 and has evolved into the models with Chinese characteristics. Now Lending Club and Prosper are the two leading and representative P2 P lending companies in America and the Chinese P2 P lending initially copied such models. The American Securities and Exchange Commission（ SEC） include the P2 P platforms into the legal regulation focusing on the protection of consumers ＇ rights and information disclosure. The models of P2 P lending in China have changed a lot,which increased the functions of warrantors and adopted on-line and off-line models. The P2 P lending also developed an business mode of debt assignment. All of these changes cause a series of legal and management risks. Chinese P2 P lending should persist in the principles of both encouraging the innovation and also preventing the risks. Chinese government should overcome the shortcomings and establish the regulation mode apt to China＇ s situation by means of improving the credit rating system,introducing the system of qualified investors,strengthening the protection of consumers rights and coordinating the relationship between the government regulation and self-regulation.