禅让行事官小考

A Study of the Officials in the Ceremony of Voluntary Abdication

禅让是中国古代王朝更替的基本模式之一,禅让仪式也是古代最隆重的仪式之一,众多官僚参与其中。这之中,以奉送玺绶的行事官最为重要。汉魏禅让以御史大夫奉送玺绶,源自此前曹氏父子受封魏公、魏王时以御史大夫行事,目的除崇重禅让仪式外,亦象征着旧汉官僚向魏朝皇帝臣服。魏晋禅让以"太保+太尉"组合奉送玺绶,渊源有二:太尉源于东汉皇帝即位礼仪,太保出自《尚书·顾命》。两次禅让以不同官职奉送玺绶,显示出新王朝在治国理念上的差异:曹魏重法务实,西晋则较重视儒家理想政治。魏晋以下,东晋南朝禅让行事官多沿袭"太保+太尉"组合,北朝则在继承的同时出现一些新变化。和此前禅让一样,南北双方仍多以兼职行事,显示出王朝对禅让仪式表演功能的重视。

Voluntary abdication （ in ancient China. It also presented （禅让） is one of the basic models of the succession of imperial dynasties one of the grandest ceremonies, in which a great number of officials were involved. Among them, the official who carried the imperial seal was the most important. During the Han and Wei periods, it was the Censor - General （御史大夫） who shouldered the responsibility. The origin of this assignment lay in the nomination of Cao Cao and Cao Pi （曹丕） as Duke and King of Wei conducted by the Censor- General, aiming at worshiping the ceremony and also symbolized the submission military official. The historical roots of this practice include two ： the presence of the Defender - in - Chief was originated in the Eastern Han imperial inauguration rituals, and the Grand Guardian found its first pres- ence in the Testamentary Charge of the Book of Documents （《尚书·顾命》）. The different practice re- flects the disparate political philosophies between the two time periods： The Cao Wei regime was practical - and Legalist- minded, while the Western Jin was keen on the Confucian ideology. From the Wei and Jin onwards, the second practice had been inherited by most regimes in the South, while the Northern dynasties witnessed some new transformations.