尴尬与出路:旅游扶贫视角下西南民族村寨文化遗产管理研究

Embarrassment and Method:A Research on the Administration of Southwest Minority Village Cultural Heritage under the Perspective of Tourism Poverty Alleviation

以民族村寨为基本单元的"旅游扶贫"是西南民族地区在反贫困实践中创出的重要扶贫开发模式。然而,既要利用文化遗产发展旅游业,又要成功保护文化遗产,本身就是世界性难题。现实中,旅游扶贫是政治驱动,地方政府关注焦点在经济利益上,文化遗产管理有名无实,长期缺位,导致民族村寨文化遗产遭遇"漏损"、"过滤"等尴尬,甚或有失忆的危险。理论上,文化旅游与文化遗产管理并不冲突,但实践上需要管理机构从文化遗产价值发掘整理与表达、有效信息传播、开发评估、利益合作机制建立、法律保障等方面适时"补位",才可能助推文化旅游与文化遗产管理建立可持续协同关系。

＂Tourism poverty alleviation＂with ethnic village as the basic unit is an important poverty alleviation and development mode created in the anti-poverty practice of southwest national area. However, it is a worldwide problem to make use of cultural heritage to develop tourism and meanwhile to protect the cultural heritage successfully. In reality, tourism poverty alleviation is driven by politics and the local governments focus on economic interests only. The cultural heritage management is nominal and long-term absent, which has made the ethnic cultural heritage fall into an embarrass status of ＂leakage＂ and ＂filter＂ or even being in danger of cultural amnesia. In theory, cultural tourism is not conflict with cultural heritage management. But in practice, the administrative organizations should cover the position properly from the aspects of excavation and expression of cultural heritage value, the effective information transmission, the development and evaluation, the establishment of cooperation mechanism and legal protection. Only in this way, the collaborative relationship between the cultural tourism and the cultural heritage management can be set up under the path of poverty alleviation.