韩国诸葛亮庙宇的由来和现况

Origin and Current Conditions of Zhuge Liang Temple in South Korea

韩国民众很早就通过正史《三国志》《文选》《朱子文集》等文献,得知了诸葛亮这一人物及作品。特别是在民间,通过小说《三国演义》,对诸葛亮更为熟知。高丽末期,李齐贤奉王命前往峨眉山祭香,参观了位于成都的诸葛孔明祠堂。朝鲜初期,金时习在吟咏南阳武侯祠的同时,想念诸葛亮的忠诚,并披露了时代的混乱。壬辰乱时,宣祖曾把平安道永柔作为暂居地,为了消除国难,祈求能有像诸葛亮这样的人物出现,在永柔卧龙山上建了武侯祠,之后,历代的国王都派官员前去卧龙山致祭。显宗年间,儒林们为了赞扬诸葛亮,在京畿南阳,俗称卧龙岗上建了龙柏祠,后因兴宣大院君拆毁书院时而被拆毁。汉末,民间把诸葛亮作为信仰的对象,建了首尔南山(木觅山)卧龙庙和龙山屯芝味府君堂,南山卧龙庙境内建有本殿和檀君圣殿、三圣阁、帝释殿、药师殿、文臣阁等,屯芝味府君堂是武侯庙的统称,并在1919年搬到了普光洞,普光洞武侯庙内有本殿和普光寺、堂木。

South Koreans have known Zhuge Liang and his works through documents and novels such as History of the Three Kingdoms,Wen Xuan,Zhuzi＇s Corpus and so on a long time ago. Especially among the folk,Zhuge Liang was well known because of History of the Three Kingdoms. In the late koryo,Li Qi-xian went to mount Emei to offer the incense with the king＇s commandment and visited Zhuge Kongming ＇s ancestral temple located in Chengdu. In the early of North Korea,Jin Xishi missed Zhuge Liang＇s loyalty when intonated Nanyang Temple of Marquis,which indicates the confu-sion of the times. In the disorder of Imjin period,Xuan Zu used to treat Pingandao Yongrou as the tabernacle,and at that time,he asked people to buid a temple of Marquis in Wolong Mountain at Yongrou and praied to have the character like Zhuge Liang to help him save his country. After that,the kings of all followed dynasties have sent officials to offer the incense. During the rule of Xianzong,Confucianists built Longbai Temple at Wolong hills in the captical city Nanyang in order to praise Zhuge Liang. But Longbai Temple was destroried for the demolishing of academy by Heungseon Daewongun. At the late Han dynasty,Zhuge Liang was treated as the object of faith by the folk who built Seoul Namsan（ Mumi Mountain） Wolong Temple,Longshan Tun Zhiwei Fu Jun Hall one by one.Namsan Wolong Temple contains the Main Temple,Dangun Temple,Sansheng Pavilion,Indra Palace,Pharmacist Palace,Civilian Official Pavilion and so on. Zhiwei Fu Jun Hall is a general term of temples of Marquis. In 1919,they were moved to Puguangdong,and Puguangdong Temples of Marquis contains the Main Temple,Puguang Temple and Temple Hall.