重复知盲效应的理论之争及脑机制

Theoretical Debate and Brain Mechanisms of Repetition Blindness Effect

重复知盲现象自被发现至今已走过四分之一世纪,这期间重复知盲的产生机制一直是争论的焦点,并有标记个体化理论、类型节点不应期理论、竞争理论、提取失败理论和建构/归因理论等多种理论解释。大量研究证明,重复知盲是一种视知觉失败现象,但也有研究认为它是一种记忆失败现象。很多研究还发现,重复知盲不仅受到呈现时间和间隔刺激个数的限制,还受到实验材料的性质、刺激的空间位置及人们的反应方式等多种因素的影响。近些年来,随着ERP和f MRI等技术的利用,从更深层次揭示了重复知盲产生的脑机制。同时,重复知盲也作为一种实验范式应用于视觉加工领域的研究中。目前关于重复知盲仍然有很多问题值得探索。

It has been over a quarter of a century since the repetition blindness （RB） effect was first reported by Kanwisher （1987） and the precise mechanism underlying RB has been extensively debated. Researchers proposed different theories to account for the effect, for example, it has been argued that RP occurs due to a failure at the visual perception level; alternatively, it has also been argued that RP involves failure to memorize the repeated stimulus. Meanwhile, RB is influenced by many factors, such as presentation durations, lags, experimental materials, spatial locations and tasks. The popularization of neuroscience technology such as ERP and fMRI in recent years allows researchers to reveal the brain activity of RB. As a kind of experimental method, researchers have applied RB effect to explore some phenomena of the visual perception. The current paper reviews these basic research topics. However, many aspects of repetition blindness are still worth of further exploration.