多巴胺对动物冲动性的影响

The Role of Dopamine Implicated in Impulsivity

冲动性是注意缺陷障碍、物质成瘾以及病理性赌博等常见精神疾病的主要症状,已经成为人们日益关注的焦点。研究发现,前额叶–纹状体神经回路多巴胺参与了冲动性的调节,但是研究结果并不一致,多巴胺在冲动性中发挥的作用,可能会受到三个不同因素的影响。首先,冲动性具有多维度特征,多巴胺对冲动的多种亚结构的作用存在差异;其次,多巴胺可以通过多个脑区以及与其他递质系统的交互作用影响冲动性;最后,多巴胺在调节冲动性的过程中可能还受到多种变量的影响,如个体差异、环境线索等。

Impulsivity is one of the core symptoms in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, such asattention-deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）, substance abuse, and pathological gambling. Evidence shows that dopaminergic system in fronto-striatal circuitries is implicated in impulsivity, however, the mechanism of dopamine in regulating impulsivity is not well established. Recent studies in rodents investigating the contribution of dopaminergic system to distinct forms of impulsivity shows that the mechanisms of dopamine mediating in impulsivity may have three factors, （1） impulsivity is not a unitary structure, the multifaceted concept of impulsivity implies that the role of dopamine will be differed at different subtypes; （2） in the studying of neuropharmacology of impulsivity, dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems interact across different brain areas to modulate different aspects of impulsivity, and （3） there are other factors that involve in impulsivity, such as individual differences and environmental cues.