从朱熹到王阳明:宋明儒学本体论的转向及其基本路径

From Zhu Xi to Wang Yang-ming:The Evolution and Shift of Confucian Ontology in the Song and Ming Dynasties

传统儒学本体论和其他传统本体论一样都具有两个基本维度即其认知维度和价值维度。从朱熹到王阳明的形上学演进,在历史和逻辑两方面实现了一个重大的本体论转向,即向本体论的认知维度和价值维度相统一的转向。王阳明的良知本体论不但深化了其本体论的认知维度,而且塑造了良知本体的意义世界,实际上重建了儒家形上学的价值之维,最终实现了本体论的认知之维与价值之维的统一,使阳明心学在融摄三教的基础上不仅提供了一幅独特的形而上的世界图景,而且展示了其所蕴含的昂扬的主体性精神和丰沛的意义世界,表现了一种不同于宋儒的本体论取向,达到了宋明儒学的形上学高峰。

The evolution of metaphysics from Zhu Xi to Wang Yang-ming achieves a significant ontological shift in both history and logic.Wang Yang-ming's conscience ontology not only deepens the awareness dimension of his ontology,but also shapes the meaning-world of ontology for intuitive knowledge.It rebuilds the value dimension of Confucian metaphysics,and achieves ultimately the unity of both the knowledge and the values dimension of the ontology,which makes the philosophy of the mind of Yang-ming not only provides a unique metaphysical picture of the world on the basis of melting three religions,but also reveals its inherent subjectivity spirit and abundant meaning-world,representing a kind of ontological orientation which is different from the Confucianism of Song Dynasty,thus reaching the peak of the Neo-Confucianism metaphysics.