宋墓出土文房器用与两宋士风

Scholarly Stationeries from Song Tombs and the Culture of the Gentry Circle of Song Dynasties

书写用具用以随葬,在先秦墓葬中即已常见,两宋文人墓葬中更成套出土,并形成了"文房四士(友)"的搭配组合。宋代文房器具除笔墨纸砚之外,亦包括士人爱赏的各种雅物清玩。本文结合文献,对两宋墓葬中出土文房诸物的品类、名称、用途以及式样进行考证,继而探讨了文房器用随葬的文化背景。

Writing utensils had been buried in tombs since the Pre-Qin period. Tombs of the gentry circle dating to the two Song periods yielded sets of scholarly stationaries, which usually formed an assemblage ofwenfang sishi （four treasures of scholar art）. These artworks include brushes, ink, paper, and inkslab, as well as desk accessories and decorations for complementing their study. Combined with textual records, this article identifies the types, names, usage, and shapes of these scholarly stationaries. Furthermore, this article offers an interpretation of the cultural context of using scholarly stationaries as burial goods during that time.