西方哲学心智转向对心理学的影响

On the Influence of the Mind Turn of Western Philosophy on Psychology

心智哲学是20世纪中末期西方哲学所发生的继语言(义)学转向和语用学转向之后的一次重要转向,它为心理学提供了新的元理论和方法论。(1)为心理学提供了"心智-语言-世界"新的世界观;(2)从哲学角度对人的心理进行了探讨,促进了哲学与心理学的结合并互哺;(3)促使人们对"人是什么"重新审视与理解;(4)引发了对以往心理学尤其是主流心理学的基石——身心二元论的质疑;(5)催生了第二代认知科学、活动主义、情境认知等新取向的兴起。它对心理学有很大启示:第一,人工智能、动物研究等研究是有限度的;第二,应重视身体的作用;第三,应重视人的意向性,注重隐喻分析;第四,应关注人的存在,尤其是生命的意义。

Philosophy of mind is an important turn after linguistic （semantic） and pragmatic turns in the mid or end of 20th century in western philosophy, which provided a new meta-theory and methodology for psychology. It has 1） provided a psychology new world view of ′mind-language-world′; 2） researched into human mind from the hori-zon of philosophy, which promoted philosophy and psychology to combine and feed each other; 3） prompted ′what is human being′ to be reviewed and explained again; 4） triggered the question to the body-mind dualism as the cornerstone of the past psychology especially the past mainstream psychology; 5） given rise to some new ap-proaches such as the second cognitive science and actionist cognitive psychology and Situated Cognition, etc. It is of great enlightenment to psychology： 1） It is limitations to study human mind by the research in artificial in-telligence and animal. 2） the role of body should be paid attention to. 3） Human intentionality and metaphor analysis should be paid great attention to. 4） Human existence, especially the meaning of life should be con-cerned about.