‘绿岭’核桃杂交后代果实性状遗传特性研究

Study on the fruit traits genetics characteristics of hybrid offspring of ‘Lüling'walnut

为查明‘绿岭’核桃杂交后代果实性状遗传规律,在河北绿岭果业有限公司以‘绿岭’ב辽宁1号’、‘辽宁1号’ב绿岭’、‘绿岭’ב绿早’、‘绿早’ב绿岭’、‘绿岭’ב清香’5个杂种群体为试材,将果实性状解析为13个单位性状进行了研究。结果表明：在5个杂交组合核桃坚果性状的变异系数中,缝合线高度的变异系数都是最高,在29.42%~39.10%之间,其中‘绿岭’ב清香’的变异系数最高,达39.10%;青皮果单果重、坚果单果重、单仁重、壳厚、缝合线高度和横膈膜厚度这6个性状,除‘绿岭’ב清香’杂交组合的坚果单果重和单仁重2个性状的变异系数为14.88%以外,其他性状的变异系数均在15%以上,具有较高的遗传多样性。对各组合间坚果性状的遗传参数进行比较分析,13个性状中缝合线高度的遗传力最高,在0.99~1.00之间,青皮果横径最低,在0.04~0.75之间;不同杂交组合核桃的坚果形态指标的相关性分析中单仁重与青皮果单果重、青皮果侧径、单果重、坚果纵径、坚果侧径之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.961,0.990,0.991,0.970,0.991,说明这5个指标对单仁重有显著正面影响;单仁重与青皮果纵径、青皮果横径、坚果横径之间呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.933,0.954,0.995。

In order to reveal the fruit traits genetic rules of hybrid offspring of ‘Luling’ wal‐nut ,five hybrid populations of ‘Luling’ × ‘LiaoningNo .1’ ,‘LiaoningNo .1’ × ‘Luling’ ,‘Luling’ בLuzao’ ,‘Luzao’ × ’Luling’ and ‘Luling’ × ‘Qingxiang’ were used as materials to study 13 fruit traits in Hebei Luling Fruit Limited Company .The results were as follows ：Among the variation coefficients of all the walnut fruit traits of the five hybrid combinations , the height of shell seal was the highest with the figures of between 29 .42% to 39 .10% ,and that of ‘Luling’ × ’Qingxiang’ was the highest which was 39 .10% .Except that the variation coefficients of nut weight and kernel weight of ‘Luling’ × ’Qingxiang’ were 14 .88% ,the fresh fruit weight ,nut weight ,kernel weight ,shell thickness ,height of shell seal and dia‐phragm thickness of the other hybrid combinations were more than 15% ,so these traits had higher genetic diversity .The walnut nut traits genetic parameters among the hybrid combi‐nations were analyzed ,the heritabilities of shell seal height were the highest with figures of 0 .99-1 .00 ,the heritabilities of fresh fruit transversal diameter were the lowest with figures of 0 .04-0 .75 .Correlation analysis of walnut nuts morphological indexes of different hybrid combi‐nations showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between the kernel weight and fresh fruit weight ,fresh fruit side diameter ,nut weight ,nut vertical diameter ,nut side diameter ,and the correlation coefficients were 0 .961 ,0 .990 ,0 .991 ,0 .970 ,0 .991 respec‐tively .This indicated that the five indexes had significant positive effects on kernel weight . There was a significant positive correlation between the kernel weight and fresh fruit vertical diameter ,fresh fruit transverse diameter ,nut transverse diameter ,and the correlation coeffi‐cients were 0 .933 ,0 .954 ,0 .995 respectively .