蚕抗菌肽研究与产业化35年的回顾和展望

Review and Prospect of Study and Industrialization of Silkworm Antibacterial Peptides in the Past 35 Years

1981年国内研究者首次从中国柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi)蛹血淋巴中分离出抗菌肽,测定其序列约37个氨基酸残基。之后又设计合成了柞蚕抗菌肽D、AD及CAD,并且在酿酒酵母、毕赤酵母及芽孢杆菌中得到高效表达,通过优化培养基配方及建立先进的发酵工艺流程后生产的蚕抗菌肽产品质量稳定。目前国内已有广东、河南、山东及湖北等省的多家生产蚕抗菌肽的企业,产品已应用于农业、养殖业、医药、食品、化妆品等领域。例如:蚕抗菌肽代替抗生素作为安全、无药物残留、不污染环境的绿色饲料添加剂用于饲养肉鸡、肉猪及对虾等,能有效预防疾病,提高成活率,增加体质量,降低料肉比;将蚕抗菌肽基因转化作物培育抗病品种,其中转入抗菌肽基因的抗青枯病辣椒品种已在广东、广西2个省(区)推广应用。今后需要进一步通过建立先进、高效的蛋白质重组技术和发酵工程技术,完善蚕抗菌肽产业化开发应用过程的相关标准、法规,努力推进蚕抗菌肽这一绿色生物制品发挥其潜在的巨大经济效益。

In 1981,domestic researchers firstly isolated and purified antibacterial peptide from the pupal hemolymph of Chinese oak silkworm（ Antheraea pernyi）,and found that it contained 37 amino acid residues. Subsequently,antibacterial peptides from A. pernyi D,AD and CAD were designed and synthesized,and then highly expressed in Sccharomyces cerevisiae,Pichia pastoris and Bacillus polymyxa. Through optimizing the formulation of medium and establishing advanced fermentation technological process,silkworm antibacterial peptide products with stable quality were prepared. At present,there are many silkworm antibacterial peptide manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong,Henan,Shandong and Hubei Porvince,and the products have beenapplied in the fields of agriculture,cultivation industry,medicine,food and cosmetic. For instances,silkworm antibacterial peptide may replace antibiotic to feed broiler,pig and shrimp as green feed additive which has the characteristics of safe,no pesticide residues,and no environmental pollution. It could effectively prevent disease,raise the survival rate,increase the body weight and decrease the feed conversation ratio. Silkworm antibacterial peptide genes were transformed to breed disease resistant crop varieties. After being transformed with antibacterial peptide gene,the capsicum variety with resistance against bacterial wilt was obtained and has been popularized in Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In the future,it is expected to establish advanced and high efficiency protein recombination and fermentation technology,to improve related standard and regulation,and to promote silkworm antibacterial peptide products for realizing huge economic benefits.