上海市电焊作业职业危害监督抽检现况分析及对策建议

Supervision results of occupational hazards in welding work and suggested countermeasures in Shanghai

目的了解上海市电焊作业场所职业病危害现状。方法对上海市194家企业电焊作业场所进行监督性检测,并进行统计学分析。结果此次抽检电焊烟尘作业点699个,超标率为16.9%;不同类型电焊作业岗位合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.49,P<0.01);个体采样检测合格率低于定点采样,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.71,P<0.01);而电焊烟尘的个体采样浓度高于定点采样浓度,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.86,P<0.01)。常见的电焊作业方式是地面固定作业,占90.6%;作业类型是CO2气体保护焊。结论上海市电焊作业职业卫生状况不容乐观,亟待改善和提高,应建立职业危害抽检的长效监管机制。

Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards in welding work in Shanghai. Methods The occupational hazards at workplaces in welding work from 194 enterprises in Shanghai were inspected and analyzed. Results A total of 699 workplaces were inspected and the levels of welding fumes at 16.9% workplaces were not compliant with national standard. The results of individual sampling showed that individual exposure level was higher than that of the area sampling showed（t = 5.86,P〈0.01）. The common way of welding operation was fixed on the ground,accounting for 90.6%,and the main job type was CO2 gas shielded welding. Conclusion Occupational health status of welding work in Shanghai was not satisfactory,which need to be improved. A long-term supervision mechanism should be established.