游戏教学法在学龄前儿童用力肺活量检查中的应用

The application of game teaching method in forced vital capacity test for preschool children

目的探讨游戏教学法在学龄前儿童用力肺活量检查中的应用效果。方法选择2012年1月至2013年12月在我科肺功能室进行肺功能检查的学龄前儿童317例，随机分成两组，对照组118例，其中男82例，女36例；观察组199例，其中男133例，女66例。对照组儿童在做肺功能前由技术操作人员向患儿讲解操作规范、程序、如何用力、如何配合并演示，教导患儿用口深吸气一直到肺总量位置，然后以最快速度吹气，直到能够看见时间容积曲线显示呼气相平台之后，再用最快速度吸气至肺总量位置，然后用一张8em×21em的小纸条让患儿练习直到把纸吹飞。观察组患儿采用游戏教学法，即让患儿先观看电脑画面，操作人员调出游戏软件中的蜡烛画面，一边让患儿看电脑里吹蜡烛的情景，一边做示范用力吹气，重点强调吹气时一定要用最大的力气尽量可能的长时间吹气，就像吹蜡烛一样，只有这样才能把蜡烛全部吹灭，吹灭的蜡烛越多获得的分数就越高，以奖励游戏的形式鼓励患儿进行检查。每一个患儿测定6次，每次间隔2分钟，不成功者休息20分钟再重新测试，2小时以内能完成并达到质控标准的视为成功，2小时内不能达到质控标准的视为不成功，记录患儿肺功能测定的成功率，比较两组患儿进行肺功能检查的成功率。结果对照组118例中成功完成操作者78例，占66．1％，不成功者40例，占33．9％；观察组199例中成功者160例，占80．4％，不成功者39例，占19．6％。2组结果比较，疋。值为8．096，P值为0．004，差异有显著性。结论在学龄前儿童用力肺活量检查中，游戏教学法可以有效提高检查的成功率。

Objective To investigate the application effect of game teaching method in forced vital capacity test for preschool children. Methods 317 preschool children undergoing lung function test in lung function room of our department from January 2012 to December 2013 were randomly divided into two groups, 118 cases in control group （82 males, 36 females）, 199 cases in observation group （133 males, 66 females）. Before the test, specialist taught children from control group standard details of the test, including how to exert themselves to do, how to cooperate and demonstrate, taught children to breathe in deeply to lung volume through their mouth, next blowing hard fast, until time volume curve showed expiratory phase after the platform with the fastest speed force total suction to lung, then a little note with an area of 8 cm^21 cm was used to let children practice until blown fly. While observation group received game teaching method： firstly the operator called out a picture of candle in the screen, then told children how to blow candle in the TV show, at the same time demonstrated how to blow hard, emphasized that they must use the biggest strength to blow for a long time as far as possible like blowing real candles, then children were able to blow out all candles. The more candles they blew out, the higher score they got. Nurses encouraged children to do the text by playing game, while inhale hard like sucking milk through a straw. Each child demonstrated for 6 times, 2 minutes for time interval, if not successful, repeated the test after 20 minutes. Children completed the test and achieved quality standards in 2 hours meant success, otherwise meant failure. Compared the success rate of lung function test of two groups. Results In control group, 78 children （66.1%） successfully completed the test, 40 children （33.9%） failed; in observation group, 160 children （80.4%） successfully completed the test, 39 children failed; there was statistically significant difference between two groups （X 2=8-096, P=0.004）. Conclusion Game teaching method can improve the success rate of forced vital capacity test in preschool children.