论历阳侯范增

Research on Fan Zeng,the Liyang Marquis

《史记》关于范增的记事有六件:建议立楚王孙心为王;被楚王心任命为末将;劝项羽急击刘邦;鸿门宴上,要杀刘邦而未杀成;参与项羽分封王侯;陈平用反间计,使范增离走,发病而死。范增是握有兵权且卓有远见的战略家。范增与项羽的分歧,主要是对待义帝和刘邦的态度有很大不同。项羽杀义帝,破坏了范增的战略。范增始终没有获得项羽的信任,项羽很多军事行动不与范增商议而单边行动。范增的政治文化意义是国君(王)不信任忠臣,不采纳忠谏,会导致忠臣、国君乃至国家的灭亡。另一意义是贤士要择主而事,贤君要会重用有才之士。

There were six records on Fan Zeng in Historical records. First is to suggest King Chu Sun Xin as Emperor;second to be appointed as the general;third to suggest Xiang Yu attacking Liu Bang;forth to plot to kill Liu Bang at Hongmen Party but un？successfully;fifth to join Xiang Yu to reward nobilities; finally, Fan zeng to be deserted and dead because of dissension method used by Cheng Ping. Actually, Fan Zeng was a visionary strategist with military power. The main difference between Fan Zeng and Xiang Yu consisted in the attitude to Emperor Yi and Liu Bang. That Xiang Yu killed Emperor Yi which destroyed Fan Zeng’ s strat？egy. Xiang Yu never trusted Fan so that Xiang always took unilateral action without conferring with Fan on many military actions. The political culture significance of Fan lied on two sides. On one hand, if a king didn’ t trust his loyal minister and accept his advice, it would lead to unloyalty of ministers, king and even than a state’ s destruction. On the other hand, it’ s important for distinguished men to choose a wise king to serve. For only wise king put talented persons in an important position.