山西左云县兴隆沟煤矿矸石山自然定居植物群落优势种种间关系研究

Interspecific Relationships of Dominant Species in Naturally Colonized Plant Communities on Coal Gob Piles of Xinglonggou Mine in Zuoyun County of Shanxi Province, China

为了探明矸石山自然定居植物群落的物种组成和种间关系,采用χ2检验、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数检验数量分析方法,对山西省左云县兴隆沟煤矿矸石山自然定居植物群落12个优势种组成的66个种对间的关联性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)χ2检验有30个种对呈正相关,36个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.83;Pearson相关系数检验有19个种对呈正相关,47个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.40;Spearman秩相关系数检验有29个种对呈正相关,37个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为0.78;与χ2检验和Pearson相关系数相比,Spearman秩相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度。66个种对中负相关居多,达到极显著或显著的种对少,说明兴隆沟煤矿矸石山自然定居植被群落比较脆弱,群落结构简单,仍处于演替初、中期阶段;(2)优势种披碱草、沙生冰草和旱榆等种对间呈极显著正相关或正相关,它们为地带性分布植物种类,耐旱、耐寒、耐贫瘠,生态适应性强,可用于该区煤矸石山人工植被恢复的优选先锋物种进行混合种植;而优势种小叶杨与披碱草、沙生冰草等种对间呈负相关,在人工植被恢复中不宜混种;(3)根据Spearman秩相关系数结果,采用聚类分析方法,可将12个优势种群划分为3种生态种组。

In order to clarify the species composition and inter-specific relationships of naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles, the interspecific relationships among 66 species-pairs from 12 dominant species in naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles at Xinglonggou Mine in Zuoyun County of Shanxi Province were analyzed by using the χ^2- test, Pearson＇s correlation coefficients, Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficients and cluster analysis. The result showed that：（1） there were respectively 36 species-pairs positive correlation and 30 species-pairs negative correlation by χ^2-test and their correlation ratio was 0.83; there were respectively 19 species-pairs positive correlation and 47 species-pairs negative correlation by Pearson＇s correlation coefficient test and their correlation ratio was 0.40; there were respectively 29 species-pairs positive correlation and 37 species-pairs negative correlation by Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficient test and their correlation ratio was 0.78; compared with χ^2- test and Pearson＇s correlation coefficient,Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficient was more sensitive; among the 66 species pairs, most of them were negative correlation and did not show significant relationship, which indicated that the naturally colonized plant communities on coal gob piles at Xinglonggou Mine were relatively fragile and were still in the early or middle stage of succession;（2） the dominant species-pairs of Elymus dahuricus, Agropyron desertorum, Ulmus glaucescens and et al. showed significantly positive correlation or positive correlation, they were the zonal distribution of plant species with strong ecological adaptability of tolerance to drought, cold weather and poor soil fertility, which could be planted in a mixed way and used as the pioneer species for local coal gob piles revegetation; while the species- pairs of dominant Pobulus simoniii with Elymus dahuricus, Agropyron desertorum and so on had different negative correlations, and thus should not be planted in such pairs in actual revegetation practice;（3） based on Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficients, the 12 dominant species were divided into 3 ecological species groups by cluster analysis.