新疆核桃主栽品种开花及散粉特性研究

The Research on Flowering and Pollen Dissemination Regularity of Two Main Cultivated Walnut Varieties in Xinjiang

对新疆主栽核桃品种的开花物候期、花粉活力和散粉规律方面进行研究,旨在揭示开花及散粉规律,为提高授粉受精效果以及科学配置授粉树提供依据。以新疆‘新新2’、‘温185’2个主栽早实核桃品种为材料,在花期对花粉量统计测算、花粉活力测定、开花物候期观测、花期散粉量和日散粉量测定等进行研究。结果表明：（1）2个品种每花蕾中花粉粒个数,‘温185’平均为7.70万粒,‘新新2’平均为7.14万粒。（2）2个主栽品种散粉量在空间方向基本一致,依次为南部〉东部〉西部〉北部〉内部;同一方向散粉量,中部〉内部〉外部。（3）平均气温20~24℃是2个主栽品种最为适宜的散粉温度。（4）‘新新2’与‘温185’雌雄花期可遇,同为约4天,但‘新新2’在自然条件可进行自花授粉,而‘温185’因雌花失去可授性,不能进行自花授粉。温度在核桃散粉的过程中起着重要的作用;雄花在树冠不同空间方位存在散粉差异。

In order to reveal the regularity of walnuts＇ flowering and pollen dissemination and to provide basis for improving effects on their pollination and fecundation and arrange pollination trees scientifically, a study was carried out on the blooming phenophase, pollen viability and the regularity of pollen dissemination of the main cultivated walnut varieties in Xinjiang. Using two main-cultivated early bearing walnut varieties‘Xinxin 2＇and‘Wen 185＇in Xinjiang as materials, the authors computed the quantities of pollen, measured the pollen＇s vitality, observed the blossom phonological and measured the quantities of pollen dissemination in total and in a day during the florescence. The results indicated that the numbers of anther in every bud of‘Wen185＇and‘Xinxin2＇had average 77000 and 71400 grains respectively. The two main cultivated varieties＇ quantity of pollen dissemination was consistent in spatial direction： south 〉east 〉west 〉north〉internal successively; for the same direction, it was central 〉internal 〉outside. The optimum temperature about the two main varieties＇ pollen dissemination was 20℃ to 24℃. The male and female flowers＇ flowering phases of‘Xinxin2＇and‘Wen185＇were synchronization, which were about 4 days. The flowers of‘Xinxin 2＇could be self-pollinated under natural conditions, but the female flowers of‘Wen185＇lost its receptivity, so failed to be self-pollinated. The temperature played an important role in walnuts＇ pollen dissemination. There was difference in pollen dissemination when the male flowers distributed in different spaces of tree crown.