东中西部地区要素投入、制度变迁对粮食生产影响分析——基于鲁赣蜀3省的比较

The Influence of Factor Input and Institutional Innovation on Grain Production of Eastern, Central and Western Regions——Based on Comparative Analysis of Shandong, Jiangxi and Sichuan Province

为了研究不同地区的要素投入及制度变迁对粮食生产的影响情况,以山东省、江西省和四川省1978—2011年的农业数据为样本,实证分析了要素投入对粮食生产的影响。其中要素投入这项变量中包含5个方面,即土地面积、劳动力数量、化肥量用量、机械动力和有效灌溉面积。同时将比较分析家庭联产承包责任制和农村税费改革政策对3省粮食生产的影响。结果表明:3省分别处于中国东中西地区,各地区的农业资源禀赋不同,导致以上要素投入及制度实施对粮食生产的影响程度不同。东部地区的土地要素可促进粮食生产,而对中部地区无显著作用。劳动力的投入可促进中西地区粮食生产,但对东部地区的粮食生产无显著影响。化肥的投入对东中部地区的粮食生产均有促进作用。机械动力要素投入可促进中部地区的粮食生产,而对东西部地区无显著影响。灌溉面积对3个地区的粮食生产无显著作用。家庭联产承包责任制和税费改革政策对3个地区的粮食生产均有促进作用。由此可见,东中西部粮食生产资源禀赋不同,其对粮食生产的影响是不同的,促进粮食生产应考虑区域差异因素。

In order to study the influence of factor inputs and institutional innovation on grain production in different regions, this article takes agricultural data of Shandong Province, Jiangxi Province and Sichuan Province in 1978- 2011 as samples, to analyze five factor inputs： land area, labor forces, fertilizer volume,mechanical power input and effective irrigational area. At the same time, the research compares the impact of the household contract responsibility system and rural tax reform policies on grain production in different regions. The three provinces represent eastern, central and western regions respectively. Different regional agricultural resources lead to the different influence of each factor input and system implementation. Land element can promote grain production in the central region, but it has no significant effect in eastern and western regions. Labor element can promote grain production in central and western regions, but it has no significant effect in eastern region. Fertilizer element has significant effect on grain production in all three regions. Mechanical power inputs can promote grain production in eastern region, but it has no effect in central and western regions. The irrigation area plays no significant role in grain production in three regions. The household contract responsibility system and rural tax reform policies have promoted grain production in three regions. Thus, different resource endowment in these three regions is leading to different influence on grain production. Promoting grain production should consider the factors of regional differences.