免疫增强剂对仿刺参肠道微生物的影响

Effect of Immunostimulants on Intestinal Microorganisms of Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus

为了探讨肠道微生物和免疫增强剂的相互作用、拓展免疫增强剂的评价效果,通过植物源免疫增强剂党参来研究仿刺参肠道微生物的特性及其代谢能力变化。从摄食免疫增强剂党参后的健康仿刺参肠道中分离纯化优势菌株,经16S r DNA进行鉴定;以仿刺参"腐皮综合症"致病菌灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)为指示菌,采用十字交叉和纸片法进行体外拮抗试验,优势菌株进行生理生化特性分析,肠道内容物进行代谢能力分析。结果表明,筛选优化菌株共18株,系交替假单胞菌属、芽胞杆菌属、希瓦氏菌属、不动杆菌属、弧菌属等不同菌属;拮抗试验筛选优势菌株共4株,通过分泌酶等活性物质产生空间竞争,同时产生抑制灿烂弧菌的胞外产物,发生协同抑菌效果;4株优势菌株具有不同的底物特异性,通过透明圈观察其蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性较高,氧化酶、蔗糖、赖氨酸酶试验表现了不同的生化性质;且经党参投喂后仿刺参肠道微生物菌群代谢能力提高。总结,植物源免疫增强剂党参可调控、优化仿刺参肠道微生物特性,提高肠道代谢力,间接提高机体免疫力。

In order to study interaction and effect between intestinal microflora and immunostimulants, a test was conducted to determine characters and metabolism of intestinal microorganisms of Apostichopus japonicus through codonopsis. Bacterium was isolated from the intestinal of healthy A. japonlcus fed with codonopsis, and identified by 165 DNA. Cross-streak method and paper disk method were used in the antagonism experiment against Vibdo splendidus, and biochemical characteristic analysis was conducted. The results showed that 18 bacteria were from different genera, they were Pseudoalteromonas sp, Bacillus sp, Shewanella sp,Acinetobacter sp and Vibrio sp. The inhibitory test showed that the inhibitory mechanism of 4 superior strains were competing for living space and producing antibacterial substance. They had different substrate specificity, their protease and amylase activities were high. The oxidase, sucrose and lysine tests showed different biochemical characters. Codonopsis can control and optimize the intestinal function of A. japonieus, improve metabolism and immunity.