张家口作物生长季气候资源变化及特色农业

Climate Resource Variation and Featured Agriculture in the Crop Growing Season of Zhangjiakou Region

为了找出张家口作物生长季气候资源的分布规律和变化特征,为农业生产合理利用气候资源提供一定理论依据,利用1962—2013年张家口13个站点逐日气象资料,运用一元线性回归方程等统计方法分析该地区作物生长季(5—9月)气候资源变化特征,并结合地形分析其空间分布规律。结果表明,张家口作物生长季平均气温随着海拔高度递减而递增,近52年来呈上升趋势;≥10℃积温随海拔高度的递减而递增,近52年来呈上升趋势;降水量受地形影响较大,近52年来总趋势为下降趋势;日照时数受地形影响比较明显,坝头一带最少,近52年来呈减少趋势。根据气候资源的空间分布规律和近52年来的变化特征,坝上适合发展绿色错季蔬菜;坝下河谷盆地适合种植葡萄;坝下半山半川丘陵区是杏仁的理想产地。

In order to discover the distribution and change characteristics of climate resources in the crop growing season in Zhangjiakou Region, and to provide a theoretical basis for the correct use of climate resources in agricultural production, the variation of climate resources in the crop growing season （from May to September） of Zhangjiakou Region was analyzed by using the statistical methods, such as unary linear regression equation based on the daily meteorological data of 13 counties in Zhangjiakou Region from 1962 to 2013. The spatial distribution pattern of climate resources was also analyzed on the basis of the above data in combination with the topography of this area. The results showed that, the average temperature in the crop growing season of Zhangjiakou Region was increasing with the decrease of altitude, showing a gradual increasing trend in the past 52 years. The accumulative temperature above 10~C was increasing with the decrease of altitude, showing a gradual increasing trend in the past 52 years. Precipitation was greatly influ- enced by topography, showing a declining trend in the past transitional area between the Bashang and the Baxia Area, was also greatly influenced by topography. According to resources during 52 years, we could draw a conclusion that in Bashang Area. It was suitable to grow grapes in basins 52 years. Sunshine duration was the shortest in the showing a declining trend in the past 52 years and the spatial distribution and variation of climate it was suitable to grow green off-season vegetable and valleys of Baxia area. Half-hilly areas of the Baxia were the ideal original places of almonds.