新选育杂交稻父本新品系的稻米品质分析

Analysis of the Grain Quality of New Breeding Male Parent Lines of Hybrid Rice

为探明新选育杂交稻父本品系稻米品质性状的变化规律,以‘C两优343’、‘天优华占’、‘金优207’3个组合为对照,对新选育的83个杂交稻父本品系和超市购买的9个高档商品米的品质进行了比较分析。结果表明:新选育杂交稻父本品系的糙米率、垩白粒率、长宽比、胶稠度以及食味综合评分整体表现较好;与国家优质米标准的12个指标相比,所有指标达到国家三级优质米标准的品系有6个。与高档商品米比较,新选育杂交稻父本品系的垩白粒率、垩白度分别低于高档商品米有22个和45个,高于高档商品米分别有61个和38个,新选育杂交稻父本品系垩白粒率、垩白度的变异系数均小于高档商品米;直链淀粉含量低于高档商品米,但其变异系数高于高档商品米。分析结果表明,新选育杂交稻父本品系垩白粒率和垩白度较高的品系个数占总数的百分比分别为69.3%和43.2%,其优质达标率较低,仅25.0%和51.1%,降低其垩白粒率和垩白度是今后水稻稻米品质改良的重点。

To ascertain the characteristics of high-grade commercial rice, the grain quality grain quality of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice, and of new varieties of male parent and high-grade commercial rice were analyzed by using ＇C liangyou343＇, ＇Tianyouhuazhan＇ and ＇Jinyou207＇ as control. The results showed that the brown rice percentages, percentages of chalky, length-width ratio, gel consistency and rice taste value of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were better than that of the CK. According to the 12 index of the national high quality rice standards, the hybrid rice combinations of 13RH034, 13RH053, 13RH054, 13RH061, 13RH103 and 13RH113 reached the third national quality rice standard. Compared with the grain quality of high-grade commercial rice, the numbers of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice with lower chalky and chalkiness degree of were 22 and 45, respectively, and the numbers of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice with higher chalky and chalkiness degree than that of the high-grade commercial rice were 61 and 38, respectively. But the correlation coefficient of the percentages of chalky and ehalkiness degree of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were lower than that of high-grade commercial flee. Meanwhile, the amylose content of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were decreased compared with high-grade commercial rice, but the correlation coefficient of amylose content of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were increased. The results indicated that the percentage of higher chalky anti cnalkiness uegree of preening male parent lines of hybrid rice was 69.3% and 43.2%, respectively. But the chalky and chalkiness degree of superior quality rates of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice was 25.0% and 51.1%, respectively. Therefore, the decrease of chalky and chalkiness degree of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice should be the focus in the improvement of grain quality of hybrid rice breeding.