摘要
为探讨不同播期对山西省冬小麦茎蘖幼穗分化及产量的影响,以冬小麦新品种‘临汾8050’为材料,观察了不同播期下冬小麦的主茎分蘖幼穗分化过程及产量表现。结果表明,随着播期的推迟和蘖位的增高,幼穗分化各时期的日期推迟,幼穗分化的总历时缩短,晚播处理穗分化时间比早播处理少121天;随着播期的推迟和蘖位的增高,各分蘖幼穗分化日期推迟,晚播分蘖幼穗比早播的推迟109天;随着播期的推迟,主茎幼穗伸长期呈现短长短趋势,伸长期至雌雄蕊分化期持续时间缩短,雌雄蕊分化后各分化期基本同步;同一播期(早播、中播)随着蘖位的增高,伸长期至二棱期分化持续的时间及总历时明显缩短,之后各分化期历时相差不大;而晚播随着蘖位的增高,各分化持续的时间及总历时稍有增长;但晚播处理至小花分化期第二位蘖和第三位蘖及中播处理的第三位蘖死亡;主茎及分蘖穗的有效小穗数随播期的推迟明显减少,早播和中播有效穗数为643.58×104/hm2和601.66×104/hm2与晚播有效穗数549.38×104/hm2差异显著,产量显著降低。为此,9月25日至10月5日是山西省南部冬小麦适宜播期。
To investigate the effect of different sowing dates on stem tiller young ear differentiation and yield of winter wheat in Shanxi Province, the authors took new variety 'Linfen 8050' winter wheat as materials, observed the main stem tiller young ear differentiation and yield performance under different sowing dates. The results showed that, with delayed sowing dates and rising tiller site, the dates of ear differentiation were postponed in each period, the total duration was shortened; late sowing treatment had 121 days less in ear differentiation than early sowing treatment. With delayed sowing and rising tiller site, the dates of ear differentiation of each stem tiller were postponed; ear differentiation of late sowing delayed 109 days compared with early sowing. With delayed sowing date, the main stem young ear elongation showed a trend of short-long- short, the duration from elongation to pistil and stamen differentiation was shortened; differentiation after each pistil and stamen differentiation stage had basic synchronization. At the same sowing date (early sowing, the sowing) with rising tiller site, the duration from elongation to double ridge stage differentiation was obviously shortened, and after that, there was little difference in the duration of each differentiation. For late sowing with rising tiller site, the duration of each differentiation increased slightly; but the second and third tiller from the late sowing treatment to floret differentiation stage and the third tiller in sowing died. The effective spikelet number of the main stem and tiller spike decreased obviously with the postponing of the sowing date, the effective spikelet number of early sowing and sowing was 643.58× 10^4/hm^2 and 601.66× 10^4/hm^2, respectively, significantly different from that of late sowing, which was 549.38× 10^4/hm^2, and yield decreased significantly. Therefore, September 25^th to October 5^th was suitable sowing time of winter wheat in southern Shanxi Province.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2015年第3期94-98,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
山西省攻关项目"优质小麦新品种及栽培技术推广"(2010071001-3)
山西省农科院育种基础项目"优质高产抗病广适小麦种质材料的创新与选育"(yyzjc1306)
关键词
播期
茎蘖穗分化
冬小麦
产量
sowing date
stem tillers ear differentiation
winter wheat
yield