深圳市常住居民高血压患病现况及自我管理行为分析

Analysis of the morbidity of hypertension and self-management behaviors in residents of Shenzhen city

目的了解深圳市高血压患病现况及患者自我管理行为,为制定高血压防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以家庭为基本调查单位,随机抽取深圳市18岁以上常住居民2 059人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果高血压患病率为19.04%(标化率为17.57%),其中男性和女性患病率分别为20.15%和18.14%,患病率随着年龄和体质指数(BMI)的增加而上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。患者中每月监测血压者比例为56.12%,采用按医嘱服药和饮食控制方法控制血压者居多,有61.22%的高血压患者采取2种以上血压控制措施。结论深圳市高血压患病率低于全国平均水平,高血压患者自我管理行为有待加强,应加强对居民高血压防治知识的健康教育,使其提高自我管理意识,促进健康行为的形成。

Objective To investigate the morbidity of hypertension and self-management behaviors in residents of Shenzhen city and to provide the base for the prevention and control of hypertension. Methods The multi-phase stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 2059 residents（〉18 years old） on the basis of families. The investigation was performed with designed questionnaires and physical examinations. Results The morbidity and standardized morbidity were 19.04%（males：20.15% and females： 18.14%） and 17.57%. The morbidity increased significantly with age and body mass index（BMI）（P〈0.01）.The proportion of patients with monitoring blood pressure each month was 56.12%, most of patients took medications according to doctor＇s advice and had diet control, 61.22% of patients took more than two kinds of controlling measures for blood pressure.Conclusion The hypertension morbidity in Shenzhen is lower than national level. The self-management behaviors of patients should be improved. Education of hypertension prevention and treatment should be strengthened in order to enhance the awareness of self health care and to develop good health behaviors.