1COLORNI A, DORIGO M, MANIEZZO V, et al. Distributed opti- mization by ant colonies[C]. Paris:Proc of European Conf on Arti- ficial Life, 1991 : 134-142.
2DORIGO M,CARO G D, GAMBARDELLA L M. Ant algorithms for discrete optimization[J]. Artificial Life, 1999,5(2) : 137-172.
3JAMES M, MARCUS R. Anti-pheromone as a tool for better ex- ploration of search space[C]. Brussels:Proc of 3rd Int Workshop on Ant Algorithms, 2002 : 100-110.
5Dorigo M, Maniezzo V, Colorni A. The ant system: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents[J]. IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B, 1996, 26 (1): 29-41.
6Gambardella L M, Dorigo M. Solving symmetric and asymmetric TSPs by ant colonies [C] // Proc of the lnt Conf on Evolutionary Computation. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 1996:622-627.
7Blum C, Dorigo M. Search bias in ant colony optimization: On the role of competition-balanced systems [J]. IEEE Trans on Evolutionary Computation, 2005, 9(2) : 159-174.
8Blum C, Dorigo M. The hyper-cube framework for ant colony optimization [J]. IEEE Trans on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2004, 34(2) : 1161-1172.
9Dorigo M, Birattari M, Stutzle T. Ant colony optimization Artificial ants as a computational intelligence technique [J]. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 2006, 1 ( 11 ) :28-39.
10Dorigo M, Gambardella L M. Ant colony system: A cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem [J]. IEEE Trans on Evolutionary Computation, 1997, 1(1): 53-66.
